Judaism and Christianity - 1462 Words

In a tree of monotheistic religions, Judaism and Christianity, despite sharing common roots and spiritual tradition associated with Abraham, for many centuries diverged and developed in their own distinct ways. The partition, based on different theological doctrines, evolves around the idea of the nature of human relationships with God, which in case of Judaism are based on the Law of Torah, and in Christianity stem from the belief in Jesus Christ and its cornerstone – the doctrine of Trinity. Beyond a doubt, the best illustration to the character of religious beliefs in Judaism, is â€Å"The Covenant at Sinai†, which despite being a part of Holy Scriptures in Christianity, draws a clear boundary between two religions. Not only it†¦show more content†¦Such doctrine appears to be in contrast with Hellenistic tradition of syncretism which perceived different local and national gods as manifestations of one deity (Dunn 27). As noted by Dunn, â€Å"the widesp read belief among cultured Hellenists in the Graeco-Roman world that Jews (and subsequently Christians) were atheists – not because they were monotheists as such, but because they were exclusive monotheists, whereas the cultured Hellenists were typically syncretistic monotheists† (Dunn 28). On the other hand, it clearly confronts with the Christian doctrine of Trinity. Among the laws given to Jewish people, a special role is attributed to the one about the Sabbath – â€Å"Remember the sabbath and keep it holy†. Based on the idea of creation of world, the seventh day had to be observed as a constant reminder of the Covenant with the Creator. Futhermore, act of creation of a man in the God’s image, which, however, does not imply biological image, since God has no physical substance, leads to the idea of creative powers given to a human being, and making him, consequently God’s â€Å"partner† in the process of creation. Thus, the next commandment places filial love and relationship with parents as parallel to the relationship with God, and makes a kind of a bridge between the moralShow MoreRelatedChristianity And Judaism : Christianity Vs. Judaism Essay1706 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity vs. Judaism â€Å"If you take away the Jewish contribution to Christianity, there would be no Christianity. Judaism does not need Christianity to explain its existence; Christianity, however, cannot explain its existence without Judaism.† – John Hagee This quote synthesizes that Judaism was a foundation of Christianity. This is the fundamental reason they are the same; however, there are numerous reasons Judaism and Christianity are different. Comparing how these two religions justify theRead MoreJudaism : Christianity And Christianity1085 Words   |  5 PagesJudaism and Christianity are two of the oldest religions known to man, with both developing out of the country if Israel. One of the biggest differences between the two religions is who Christ was, and his purpose in life. However, they share common ground when it comes to their belief in God and his teachings. In fact, Christianity would not exist without Judaism, as it the foundation that Christianity is based on. Judaism is the first and oldest religion, and because of this Judaism has a directRead MoreChristianity, Judaism, And Christianity1084 Words   |  5 Pagesimagine that there was a hell, heaven (paradise to some) or even a purgatory. That all change a few month ago when I learn that some people and some religion might believe what they want to. In this essay I have picked three religion Islam, Judaism, and Christianity to explain what each of them have and to be able to show the similarity and difference among them about the afterlife. Although each religion has its own goal, they however are similar in belief. I have found that these three religion areRead MoreJudaism Vs. Christianity And Judaism1303 Words   |  6 PagesFugate ANT 130, 75Z1 November 10, 1015 Judaism vs. Christianity Christianity and Judaism are two religions that have similarities as well as differences. I plan to explore beliefs, religious ceremonies, and religious authorities in both Christianity and Judaism. Judaism originates from the time of Abraham and God made a covenant with Abraham promising him to make his ancestry a sacred people and provide them with a holy land. Meanwhile, Christianity derives from Jesus Christ with whom theRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, and Islam1538 Words   |  6 PagesJudaism, Christianity and Islam Christianity and Islam are the most influential religions in the world. Judaism has only fourteen million followers across the continents which makes Judaism the 12th largest religion. Although Judaism is not as large as Christianity and Islam, It still has an impact on the world. Prophet Abraham is the called in Islam the father of all prophets and because of that, sometimes Christianity, Islam and Judaism are called Abrahamic Religions. There are many known differencesRead MoreChristianity And The World And Judaism1291 Words   |  6 Pagesbelonging to specific religions exhibit their own sense of authority. Christianity is a monotheistic religion that bases their faith on the teachings of Jesus Christ. Judaism is an ancient monotheistic religion that bases their faith with the study of the Torah. Christianity is the largest practiced religion in the world and Judaism is the tenth largest. In the mid first century, Christianity began as a second temple Judaism. This being the ti me between the construction of the second temple in JerusalemRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam875 Words   |  4 Pageswhich have believed in a higher power or powers. Christianity, Islam and Judaism, the three most dominant religions are no different. They are all Monotheistic meaning they believe in one sole higher power or God. Though they share this common idea and many other similarity, they have many distinct features of their own that make them different as a whole. Many past religions have believed in the idea of multiple gods, Polytheism. Judaism, Christianity and Islam believe in one Supreme creator, MonotheismRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1679 Words   |  7 Pages Completely Different but Surprisingly Similar Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are all three different religions that many may not think can even be compared. At a glance, the religions are derived from different locations, the members of the religions look and act different, and some of the widely known practices are what make the religions so distinct. However, they are more similar than most people think. In the core of the three religions, many of their beliefs and practices show to be extremelyRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1053 Words   |  5 PagesThe world is made of three major religious traditions, Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Judaism is the oldest monotheistic religion dating back to 2000 B.C.E. Monotheism is the belief in one all-powerful personal deity who created, sustains, and will judge the cosmos. This belief confirms that Jews worship one God. Often this God is beyond our ability to comprehend, but God is nevertheless present in our everyday lives. Judaism, Christianity and Islam are also grouped together as the Abrahamic religionsRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam992 Words   |  4 PagesJudaism, Christianity and Islam are three of the most recognized monotheistic religions worldwide. These religions are often referred to as the Abrahamic religions because of their history to the founding father, Abraham. Judaism, Christianity and Islam are closely related with varying differences. Christianity was born from within the Jewish tradition, and Islam developed from both Christianity and Judaism. We take a look at some of the major similarities and major differences of these widely practiced

Haiti A Democratic Government - 970 Words

I could think of various countries where a new set of political ideologies can be implemented, but I chose to go with a country that hits home—that is home. Haiti for many years have been struggling with poverty, political violence, high rate of organized crimes, unstable food resources, epidemics, and an ineffective government. Haiti being the first independent nation of Latin America could’ve been a great start of political success, unfortunately that was not the case. Since gaining independence, Haiti has experienced a pattern of dictatorial rulings and negative forces used to govern the nation. In 1986, after a 29 year dictatorship of the Duvalier hierarchical dictatorship, Haiti’s governance declined greatly causing it to be the poorest country in the world. While the citizens of Haiti may be hopeless of ever returning to being a rich, resourceful nation, I on the other hand have considered some ideas that could bring them out of their governmental let down . To start off, I believe Haiti should function under a democratic government rather than a republic. Of course they have been functioning with this form of government for years, however â€Å"we the people† should be instituted. Haiti’s citizens are primarily those who are considered to be the lower class, hence if they don’t have a voice in the government it could never get better. The bourgeoisies control the country while those who are poor remain in their positions in the social class, contributing to Haiti as theShow MoreRelatedAmericas Democratic Beacon1553 Words   |  6 Pages as a democratic beacon rather than an imperialist capitalist juggernaut is it participation in the world wars that prevented Germany from controlling Europe an authoritarian Germany in the First World War and Nazi Germany in the Second. 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The capital city of Santo Domingo is located along the southern coast of theRead MorePolitical Causes Of The Democratic Revolution1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe most important causes of the Democratic Revolution of the 1770s through the 1810s was political because citizens had no political power or say in the government and economic because many people had to pay unwanted tax payments. One of the most important causes of the Democratic Revolutions was political because many citizens didn’t have equality so they were asking for more political rights. In document number two, by the National Assembly of France, who represented the third estate. This documentRead MorePresident Clintons Foreign Relations With Cuba and Haiti Essay example1740 Words   |  7 PagesWhat justifications could the Clinton administration make when assessing their actions in both Cuba and Haiti during Clinton’s time in office? When trying to answer this question one must look at the motivation behind the administration’s actions, the principles that the administration stood behind, and the message that they were trying to deliver. The cases of Cuba and Haiti are different in various senses and in the degree of change that occurred within those countries resulting from US policiesRead MoreWho Do Not Study The Past, The Great American Philosopher And Historian George Santaya na1373 Words   |  6 Pagesfuture tomorrow. In 2010 Haiti was hit with traumatic earthquake that has still left 150,000 people not re-housed and live in tents. â€Å"It was devastating because a history of adverse social conditions and extreme ecological fragility primed Port-au-Prince for massive loss of life and destruction when the ground began shaking on January 12th.† (Farmer, 3) The history of Haiti has caused the country a great struggle to rebuild after the earthquake and the 1825 settlement between Haiti and France, the occupationRead MoreA Country Of Chaos : Haiti1635 Words   |  7 PagesA Country in Chaos: Haiti Haiti is the poorest county in the Western Hemisphere, but it once was a very wealthy nation. Haiti shares the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean with the Dominican Republic. They are blessed with beautiful mountains and beaches, copper, gold, and oil. At one point, Haiti was more wealthy than the British colonies that were located in the Caribbean. Haiti is rich with natural resources, so why is Haiti the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere? They are the poorestRead MoreFrench and Hatian Revolutions Similarities and Differences941 Words   |  4 Pagescountries such as France and Haiti experienced dramatic economic, political, and social changes through Revolutions. A revolution occurs when change is desired by people who were mistreated and for this reason, the French and Haitian revolution occurred, leading to many different governmental changes such as the first republic of France and the rule of Napoleon, and the free republic and independent nation established by Hai ti. They also led to many similar government changes such as an establishmentRead MoreNgos Are Non Profit And Voluntary Citizens1622 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerns to governments, advocating and monitoring policies and encouraging political participation through provision of information. Some NGOs are organized around specific issues, such as human rights, environment or health (Definition of NGOs 2014). Some of the NGOs in certain countries are very helpful and NGOs in other countries hinder the improvement of the country. Although the Rwanda and Haiti have some apparent similarities, the difference between the NGOs in Rwanda and Haiti are pronouncedRead MoreThe Devastating 2010 Earthquake On The United States1610 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary The devastating 2010 earthquake left Haiti in ruins. This meant Haiti would mostly rely on foreign aids to stand back to its feet. Most didn’t hesitate to come in to assist mostly the USA and other foreign aids which donated over $5 billion to help Haiti. However, so many questions have been raised on to how well these funds were used. This report includes facts to show how the funds were voluntarily misappropriated by a number of players including the foreign aids (both domesticRead MoreChristopher Columbus And The New World1579 Words   |  7 PagesSpain at first ceded the western third of the island (now Haiti) and later on the other two thirds (Dominican Republic). Haiti eventually had a revolution and became independent from the French, but because of the strong Spanish influence, Dominican Republic became independent from Haiti later on. Although the French were now in control of the whole island, the eastern two thirds still maintained a strong Spanish influence. Altho ugh Haiti and Dominican Republic are on the same island and one might

Analysis Of Ron Mueck Pregnant Woman

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Ron Mueck for Pregnant Woman. Answer: Introduction: Every great piece of art is infused with a specific theme that contributes to its popularity. A piece of art can only become a great piece of art if it has got a universal appeal, and the theme is a key to attribute an artistic creation with an appealing theme. Moreover, it must be noted that a great piece of art should reflect on some specific social aspects and it must contribute to social progress in some way or other. It is in this respect that the artwork, Pregnant Woman, by Ron Mueck deserves special mention. Mueck has not only rendered his artwork with universality but has also depicted how certain feminine aspects (including motherhood, fertility and birth) along with aspects like creation and spirituality, can be incorporated thoroughly in order to transform a piece of art into a vehicle of conveying a social message. Muecks creation is fibreglass replication of a pregnant woman, though larger in size than a normal woman usually is. It stands in the centre of one room of the art gallery and is made of acrylic, fibreglass and silicone (OHagan, 2006). Titled as Pregnant Woman the larger-than-life sculpture looms above the visitors and her face drawn and troubled as if by the sheer weight of impending motherhood (OHagan, 2006). Motherhood is a theme that has been thoroughly ingrained in the artwork of Mueck. About Muecks creation it can be said that, Celebrating motherhood is a perennial function of art, but to come upon such a vivid likeness of a naked and heavily pregnant woman in an art gallery is a confronting experience. Our initial impulse is to avert our eyes, and yet the powerful presence of Ron Muecks Pregnant woman demands our attention (National Gallery of Australia, n.d.). Such is the power of Muecks creation, and such are the acclamations that it has received since its inception and inst allation in an art gallery. The size of the fiberglass sculpture doubles the size of an average woman, and this makes the sculpture seems larger than life. It must be noted that may be Mueck intentionally created a larger-than-life sculpture in order to amplify and emphasize the larger-than-life roles that are played by a mother in the course of giving birth to a child and in the course of bringing up the child. Mueck has, as it seems, made the sculpture bigger than average viewers in order to monumentalize motherhood which surpasses all the petty confinements of all other human relationships. Moreover, being out of scale of reality, the Pregnant Woman has justified the intentions of its creator. It must be noted that Mueck has strived to project the importance of the role of women in the society both as a mother and a source of life and this has to do a lot with some specific sociological and psychological theories. It is also to be noted that by projecting a pregnant woman, who is larger than a real-life woman, Mueck has, as may be assumed, strived to make the viewers understand that difference between the actual role of women in the society and the role that is defined, confined, and projected by the patriarchal societies across the globe. Furthermore, it must be said that the sculpture has its own unique appeal to the viewers. This uniqueness has been conveyed in the article, Ron Mueck: the making of Pregnant woman 2002, in which Kennedy (2004) has conveyed that, Pregnant womanmakes a powerful impact. For men of my vintage, it has been typical to be in attendance at the birth of children. Not so for men of a previous generation. For women who have had children, lost children, had to cope with disability, or trials of pregnancy, so many thoughts can arise. One must take into account that apart from motherhood some other themes have also been incorporated immaculately by Mueck in his creation. In this respect it is noteworthy that, apart from referring to the significance of motherhood, Mueck, in his artwork, has referred specifically to universal themes like fertility, birth, the goddess, to the iconography of the Madonna and Child, and to the wondrous journey which is known as life (National Gallery of Australia, n.d.). Emphasis on such themes has turned the sculpture into a piece of art having social value. Muecks sculpture signifies that the role of a woman in a patriarchal society is not only to serve the purposes assigned to them by the male gender; rather, women are the creators, they are the goddesses giving birth to new life, and hence, their roles and importance surpass that of their male counterparts. Such a projection of the role of women can be equated to the principles conveyed by sociological theories like the theory of f eminism. It is in this respect too, that Muecks work should be considered as an artwork having social significance and value. Apart from having a social value, the artwork of Mueck also does have a value from research perspectives. The application of the fiberglass technology in the field of art has opened new windows of opportunities for many researchers who are interested in exploring the relation of technology with art and artworks. Fiberglass is a wonder in itself as it is uniquely acquired through the application of both art and science. It is noteworthy that, fiberglass is a composite material, meaning that its comprised of two (or more) different materials mixed together. Typically, fiberglass consists of a matrix of glass fiber, saturated with a polymer resin (Fiberglass 101 The Basics, n.d.). The recent surge in the use of fiberglass in the sphere of art and architecture is due to the fact that that fiberglass has good tensile strength and it is also flexible to mold (Fiberglass 101 The Basics, n.d.). And these two specific characteristics have gradually made it a popular means for creating artwo rks, primarily in the form of sculpture (as has been used by Mueck). Moreover, artists like Mueck are in favor of using fiberglass as the medium of creation because of its strength, and due to the fact that fiberglass is a relatively light compound which is resistant to moisture and to several other chemical changes (Fiberglass 101 The Basics, n.d.). It has been observed that the popularity of Muecks work has been largely reliant on the technology that the artist has applied for creating it. One must note that, Muecks process and techniques are a source of fascination, particularly in relation to his meticulous observation of the skins surface: its pores, the follicles of hair, the softness of a mole, the hardness of a nail and the shadows of veins just beneath the skin (National Gallery of Australia, n.d.). All such details have been possible for Mueck to sculpt primarily owing to the technology he has used to give his artwork a unique (yet realistic) shape. This effort on the par t of the artist may trigger interest in many other contemporary artists to explore the opportunities provided by fiberglass technology, and this can lead to the inception of myriads of research studies on the topic. In conclusion, a great piece of art should reflect on some specific social aspects and it must contribute to social progress in some way or other. It is in this respect that the artwork, Pregnant Woman, by Ron Mueck deserves special mention. Mueck has not only rendered his artwork with universality but has also depicted how certain feminine aspects (including motherhood, fertility and birth) along with aspects like creation and spirituality, can be incorporated thoroughly in order to transform a piece of art into a vehicle of conveying a social message. The size of the fiberglass sculpture doubles the size of an average woman, and this makes the sculpture seems larger than life. It must be noted that may be Mueck intentionally created a larger-than-life sculpture in order to amplify and emphasize the larger-than-life roles that are played by a mother in the course of giving birth to a child and in the course of bringing up the child. One must take into account that apart from motherh ood some other themes have also been incorporated immaculately by Mueck in his creation. In this respect it is noteworthy that, apart from referring to the significance of motherhood, Mueck, in his artwork, has referred specifically to some other universal themes including the theme of birth and fertility. Through his artwork, Mueck has projected that women are the creators, they are the goddesses giving birth to new life, and hence, their roles and importance surpass that of their male counterparts. Such a projection of the role of women can be equated to the principles conveyed by sociological theories like the theory of feminism. Finally, by using the technology of fiberglass to shape his artwork, Mueck has opened the door for researchers to show more interest in exploring the relationship between fiberglass technology and artwork. Muecks effort may trigger interest in many other contemporary artists to explore the opportunities provided by fiberglass technology, and this can lea d to the inception of myriads of research studies on the topic. References Fiberglass 101 - The Basics. (n.d.) [online] Available at: https://centralfloridafieros.com/forum/index.php?topic=149.0;wap2 [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. Kennedy, B. (2004). Ron Mueck: the making of Pregnant woman 2002. [online] National Gallery of Australia. Available at: https://nga.gov.au/mueck/director.cfm [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. National Gallery of Australia. (n.d.). Ron Mueck. [online] Available at: https://artsearch.nga.gov.au/Detail.cfm?IRN=122875PICTAUS=TRUE [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. O'Hagan, S. (2006). Ron Mueck: From Muppets to motherhood. [online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2006/aug/06/art2 [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016].

The Innovation of Google Essay Example

The Innovation of Google Essay This essay will introduce the use of three kinds of creativity tools and seven kinds of innovation management in Google, and will compare with module materials and other companies. It will give critical evaluation on the use of one creativity tool and two aspects of innovation management in Google, and two recommendations on how Google can improve its use of creativity tool and innovation management. CREATIVITY TOOLS IN GOOGLE 1. Brainstorming Based on the module materials (Week five), Brainstorming can be used to reduce the barriers for participation, and will be good for creating plenty of new ideas. Google has a loose environment to use brainstorming sharing all information and suggestions for employees (Barron, 2009). It established an ideal system by sending e-mails, all the employees could give their own ideas directly ( Iyer Davenport,2008). For Google, it is significant to collect useful ideas to create new products. In 2005, Google’s scientist Lawrence who led his team to have developed a new search engine for using Brainstorming. Then, the Google Desktop Search appears in 2006 (Stross, 2009). 3M also uses Brainstorming to get ideas ( Iyer Davenport, 2008), which is the famous 15% rule ( Mcleod Winsor 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on The Innovation of Google specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Innovation of Google specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Innovation of Google specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Both Google and 3M encourage employees to use some of their working time to do their favorite things, but Google uses more brainstorming than 3M (Iyer Davenport, 2008); they won’t accept any final decision without sharing and discussing it. (Mcleod Winsor, 2003). 2. Six thinking hats De Bono’s Six Thinking Hats (Week five lecture) requests to look at problems from different angles to find the best solution. Google uses all six hats as the creativity tool (Iyer Davenport, 2008) in different aspects of innovation. Google uses blue hat to think and manage other hats, but Corning Glass seldom uses blue hat. Therefore, Corning Glass cannot make any discussions and group studying continuously (Tidd et. al 2005). When they have to judge information and ideas coming from somewhere, both Google and Corning Glass use black hat to face the problems. (Tidd et al, 2005) Google uses blue hat to make decisions and thinks generally about new product (Iyer Davenport, 2008). While 3M directly expresses their feeling about launching new product by using red hat (Mcleod Winsor 2003). Google prefers to wear white hat in the innovation process because they trust that data drive all decisions (Barron, 2009) , but 3M wears the yellow one when they make decisions and meet the failure (Mcleod Winsor 2003). 3. Fish bone Fish bone is a creativity tool. According to module materials (Week five lecture), fish bone  offers  a  method  for  people listing the reasons of a problem and help people to find out solutions easily. Google  encourages  their staff  to  keep  trying even  after  failure. Through  the analysis of failure,  they  can  find  right  solutions for the difficulties  (Iyer  Ã‚  Davenport  2008). Google still encourage creative products even some of products from Google are failure (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Using the fish bone could help Google find some reasons which lead to failure and then have solutions for it. GOOGLE’S INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 1. Managing human resources Managing human resources is an important part to Google. Because Google thinks people are the most important asset (Barron, 2009) and this rule will attract gifted and excellent employees (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Google prefers to hire smart people because it could make them learn more with each other. Mayer, 02:53, 08/09/09) BBC company’s hiring is quickly, they just watch people’s CV. Compared with BBC, every employee of Google should have 8-15 interviews and communicate with at least 6 interviewers on average. (Barron, 2009) This kind of recruit is more likely to hire better employees 2. Managing knowledge acquisition Google uses a knowledge acquisition management system that everyone could hand in their ideas about new products or company improvement through e-mails (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Google owns information resources themselves with a great number of internet platforms. Google almost doesn’t share information with any commercial organizations (Iyer Davenport, 2008). But it shares application software and services with third-party, which could create new applications through integrating Google’s practical factors (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Google and Corning Glass have some differentiation in ideas management. Barron’s guest lecture (2009) says that Google prefers to use internal force to collect information. Whereas, Corning Glass prefers to use external power to get new ideas (Tidd et al, 2005). Corning Glass prefers to use outside sources frequently and get the ideas from other places (Tidd et. l 2005), eg. the external partners. 3. Managing the organizational culture One of the most important innovation management is organizational culture. There is a† 20% time rule â€Å", which means: staff in Google could spend 80% of time on the core business, and the 20% on their interested aspects (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Numerous great ideas come from this way, such as Google News and Google Gmail (Kiss, 2009). 3M also has a similar principle to Google, that is â€Å"Rule of 15% time†, which means 3M employees can use 15% of their daily job time to think about their own things (Mcleod Winsor, 2003). M and Google regulate different time but for same goals: To encourage their staff for creation. This rule gives staff the right control of their own time to do whatever they like, and make them feel comfortable. In this way, the employees have a good condition to create ideas. The only difference of these 2 rules by Google and 3M is offering time. 4. Managing partnerships A successful company cannot do without the partner’s support. In the case of Google, it likes to share new technology and services with third-parties which could integrate and recreate applications to Google (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Google not only supports the third-party for development, but also ally itself with other companies to improve infrastructure (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Whereas, external partners bring Corning Glass with different information and advanced technology (Tidd et. al 2005). It helps to give up their earlier internal reliance as well (Tidd et al, 2005) . While 3M did not cooperate with any external partner (Iyer Davenport, 2008). 3M uses their own creativity technology to develop in different fields. (Mcleod Winsor , 2003) Procter Gamble believes that information property should be shared by companies on win -win strategy . Managing innovation strategy Google says that it is their mission to collect and arrange the information from the world and to make it useful for users (Iyer Davenport 2008) . They have a clear opinion on getting their innovation goal with different innovation strategies and the advantages from innovation system. This innovation ecosystem produces a lot of circle for them. (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Whereas, Corning Glass makes a wrong decision on moving into the new and important fields, which make them think about how to develop next step( Tidd et al, 2005). Google says â€Å"fast is better than slow†. Innovation is a competition on the speed of time. Corning Glass also has the similar ability to â€Å"dance†, that is, to achieve knowledge together and turn it into practice at once with a high speed when the ideas were expressed clearly (Tidd et al, 2005). It is important for both Google and Corning Glass to reduce the distance from ideas to products on management of innovation. Because of the theory of â€Å"Trials by Fire† about launching for push ideas to products quickly, 3M feel pressed for the strategy of managing innovation. (McLeod Winsor, 2003) . However, Google has more patience on this, their motto is â€Å"Launch and iterate†. (Barron, 2009) 6. Managing innovation costs Google spent billions of dollars not only in infrastructure investment and third-party development support (Iyer Davenport,2008), but also spent a lot on research and development of their own technologies including their own internet-based operating platform. Moreover, Google determines the best solution by developing useful applications (Iyer Davenport, 2008). The main cost of Corning Glass on the RD exists not only on the innovation process, but also on the entrance for some new and key areas (Tidd et. l 2005). Similarly, 3M cost over one billion dollars to invest on their research and development every year (Mcleod Winsor, 2003). The difference is in that 3M does more work on the RD (about 70% of revenue) and launches new products (Mcleod Winsor, 2003). 7. Managing innovation New ideas are created by employees frequently, after being given free time on innovation in Google. (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Google gets lots of critical feedback ideas from customers or their partners about new products and services, in order to reduce failure risk (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Compared with Google, Corning Glass focuses on innovation process and gets new products by entering into different fields in the market (Tidd et al, 2005). Corning Glass prefers to obtain new information from external partners (Tidd et al, 2005) Compared with 3M, Google only has one product, ie. search engine, whereas, 3M produces a wide range of fields from transportation to office supplies. They know what to do, but do not know how to do with new product. Therefore, they do plenty of research work to look for appropriate ideas and methods (Mcleod Winsor, 2003). CRITICALLY EVALUATE 1. Brainstorming is a team work creativity tool, where people could join in freely and freewheeling is welcome. (week five lecture). In Google, they established a loose environment to share information together, and they also have an e-mail system to collect ideas directly from the staff. But it still has shortcomings. It is possible for a group to become a homogeneous team, thus to lead solutions arriving quickly because of the same taste and morale. Their ideas will be not sufficient to improve expertise and creative thinking. And collect ideas from e-mail without a face-to-face meeting will decrease the efficiency. . Barron (2009) says that one of Google’s most important rule is â€Å" hire the best†. Google has very strict system to recruit for the best employees. Obviously, this should spend lots of time and energy for Google, which we think is not necessary. For interviewees, it makes them to spend too much time and money for the preparation, and take a long time to get this job. 3. Referring to Barron’s presentation (2009), Google has a â€Å"20% time, do your own working† rule. This kind of rule gives Google’s staff a part of free time to think their own ideas and make people more creative. Numerous great ideas come from this way, and do make a large number of contributions to Google. However, this rule has shortcoming itself. Because employees might handle their time by themselves, some staff only spend 20% time on their daily job secretly and nobody else will know this (Kiss, 2009). This is not good for the entire company to improve efficiency. RECOMMANDATIONS 1. To overcome the brainstorming’s shortcoming Try to make diverse team members in different ways to work, and meanwhile, arrange some face-to-face time, besides e-mail collecting ideas method. . The recommendation for some staff misappropriate the job time secretly First, to strengthen the supervision on the staff ; Ask them what they did in 80% time and 20% time separately. Secondly, to set a deadline for every task to employees. Thirdly, to increase the staff’s awareness through continuous training on employees. CONCLUSION This essay has made analysis on the creativity tools and various innovati on management methods in Google, and made us understand Google’s successful innovation system and differences through comparison with other creative companies. We can know what we should learn from Google for the innovation philosophy, and meanwhile, we should try to avoid any shortcomings. Anyway, innovation is the way leading to success for all companies. References: 1) Anon, How Google Fuels its Idea Factory, Business Week , 29/04/08, Retrieved 08/09/09 from www. Businessweek. com 2) Barron. , P. (2009) , Presentation in Napier. 3) De Bono, . E. (2006). Six Thingking hats, London: Penguin 4) Iyer,. B,. Davenport,. T. H. , (2008) Harvard Business Review, April 2008, PP59-68. ) Marissa Mayer at Stanford University, 30/06/09, speaking about innovation in Google, You Tube, Retrieved 08/09/09 from www. youtube. com 6) McLeod. , R. Winsor. , B. (2003), Module Material. 7) PG. (2009) Connect Develop 8) Surowiecki. , J. (2008). The Open Secret of Success. The New Yorker. 12th May. 9) Tidd. , T. Bessant, . J. Pavitt, . K. (2005). Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological Market and Organizational Change. Chinchester: Wiley. 10) Week 5 module lecture 11) Week 7 module lecture 12) Week 8 module lecture