Positives of TV :: Television

Many years ago, almost no one had a video set. Now there ar more houses with TV than ever. There is a lot of discussion about whether telecasting is a good or good-for-nothing influence for family life. There are many negative points and also many positive ones. Now I lead run through some of each. wholeness of the first reasons why parents should limit the amount of time their children spend watching TV is that children read less and watch TV more and of course this will lead into a lack of exercise. Therefore parents should help their children watch TV and read equally. Plus encourage them to move a lot due to the enlarge in number of obese people and practice other activities. Another complaint is that there is too much violence and sexual reference that puke be accessed easily by children, this can destroy a young childs mind easily. Watching violent television programs teaches aggressive attitudes and behaviors and the children might try to obey the bad behavior that th ese programs show, and bad expression because they wants to act like them as adults by thinking this is the right thing. Moreover, parents must have control and know what programs their children are watching. TV has many positive points, as it is considered an extremely valuable machine that provides us with relaxation and education. For example, People who have been working hard all daytime will look forward to watch an episode of a favorite show. This period of relaxation will reduce their stress and leaves viewers refreshed and pee to take all works again. Besides it?s a good option for parents who are tried trying to entertain their kids, to sit them down in front of a cartoon to take some rest. However it must not be done frequently. Secondly, the most important point about television is getting education. Children can learn colors, numbers, and letters from programs that shows on televisions like Barney. Also, it provides us with valuable information by covering important ev ents and current news.

Wedding Speech Written for Two Best Men -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speec

Wedding Speech Written for Two Best MenBrandon - Ladies and Gents before I continue I would akin to point out to those of you who may be feeling the effects of the alcohol that t present are actually 2 of us standing up here and no you are not seeing double.Firstly, I would like to say how pleasing it is to see so many of John and Rhondas close relatives and friends who move over joined them on their wedding day. It never fails to amaze me the distance some people will travel for some free food.OK, Ladies and Gents it is an absolute privilege for Kain and me to be standing here as Johns best men. Since John asked us to perform this honor we grant been seeking advice on the duties we have to perform. maven of the main duties is obviously to ensure John arrives on time and looking as sharp as possible for his big daySo in order to fulfil this duty, and not that we dont trust John, we felt it necessary to stay here last night and after a a few(prenominal) drinks in the bar and shar ing a room with John I can confirm to you all that he slept like a baby he wet the bed twice..and woke up several times crying for his motherKain -Another duty of course is to thank John on behalf of the bridesmaids, for his kind words, and I have to say they look absolutely wonderful and have d whiz an excellent job today. Wouldnt you agree Brandon?Brandon - Absolutely, and it is no wonder as the girls have had their hair done by Ni... ...e Fantasy ChannelBrandon To John,Is marriage really for you. You made a big impression on us, we hope we didnt part any on you. From all the girls at Legs&Co.Real telegrams Kain 1, Brandon 1 etcKain - Ladies and gentleman, it receives me the great pleasure to invite you all to stand and raise your glasses in a toast to the 2 people who without them today would not have been so specialLADIES & GENTLEMEN..THE BAR STAFFBrandon Seriously though, John and Rhonda we hope that your love for one another is modern enough to survive the times, yet old fashioned enough to last forever You really are a perfect match.Ladies and Gentlemen we give you the Bride and Groom

Gabriel Garcia Marquezs Love in the Time of Cholera :: Essays Papers

Gabriel Garcia Marquezs Love in the Time of CholeraGabriel Garcia Marquez, author of Love in the Time of Cholera, depicts his characters by having them act in certain shipway, in ways of honey and care towards others. Each character acts certain ways to certain people, either to gain respect, love, friendship or hatred. Marquezs character Florentino Ariza, is desperately in love with Fermina Daza, a beautiful young lady (early in the novel), who promises him her hand in marriage then breaks that promise by marrying Dr. Juvenal Urbino. Although heartbroken Arizas love for Fermina would still continue over some(prenominal) long years, thus showing how untold he was in love with her.Over the years Ariza would do many things to attempt to woo Fermina back into his arms, none that would prosper. All of the acts he committed, he committed for the love he had for her. Most of the actions she would never know of, for he would never show nor tell her about such things. It seemed alm ost daily Marquez had Ariza writing Fermina a poem, a song or some sort of letter. Most which would never make it into her hands. Florentino Arizas love for Fermina Daza went beyond just loving her. He was truly IN love with her. People can love many people, just I believe that there can truly only be one person you are IN love with. Ariza would sacrifice so much throughout his life to attempt to have her attention. He would quit jobs, and move to be near her or to even just see her for a interrupt second, like he would do when he went to the park to see her walk past. Ariza would finally work hard and become prosperous and wealthy, again trying to publish Fermina.Arizas love went beyond the childish love that most of us have endured. He waited fifty-one years to be with the woman that he considered his nous mate. This truly shows a great deal of self-determination and love for another human.

Rape and Intimate Partner Abuse Essay examples -- Sex Crimes

In every 45 seconds, some oneness is sexually violated in the United States. Out of every 6 women, one has experienced an attempted shame or complete rape. Lesbians and bisexual women remain at increased risk of sexual victimization compared to heterosexual women. In clubhouse for a woman to determine the direction of her life, she must first determine her sexuality. Sexuality is a deep, integral part of any humans life. This should not be a subject of coercion or debate. The society must recognize that a woman has the right to freely pre-determine her sexuality without oppression and dissimilarity (Burn, 2004). Traditionally, women throughout history and culture have undertaken the role of independent, non-heterosexual, women-connected existence. Lesbianism according to ancient literature review has always existed. The practice has always been unacceptable and deviant. Lesbians are subjected to rape more often than other women. Worldwide, lesbians are subjected to verbal and phys ical abuse.In most cultures, lesbianism occurs prior to heterosexual marriages. These facts were gathered by Faderman in 1981. Female-female romantic relationships were plunge in European communities since the 17th century through the early 20th century after studying the fiction and poetry written during this period (Burn, 2004). Today, many another(prenominal) societies view bisexuality and homosexuality as a sickness. The societies deny their existence entirely. However, biologists and psychologists believe that both are mere instances of many human variations. After roaring lobbying by gay and lesbian political organizations in 1974, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) eliminated homosexuality from its list of mental disorder. The APA now takes the position that homos... ...(2010). External Barriers to Help-Seeking Encountered by Canadian Gay and Lesbian Victims of refer Partner Abuse An Application of the Barriers Model. Violence and Victims, Vol. 25(4), 536-552.Pin to, S. (2012). Intimate Partner Violence Sexual Abuse. CINHAL Nursing Guide. 1-2.Renzetti, C. M. (1996). The Poverty of work for Battered Lesbians. Journal of gay and Lesbian Social Services, Vol. 4, pp 61-68.Tigert, L. M. (2001). The Power of Shame Lesbian Battering as a Manifestation of Homophobia. Women & Therapy, Vol. 23, pp 73-85.Walters, M. L. (2011). Straighten up and symbolize Like a Lady A Qualitative Study of Lesbian Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Service. Vol. 23, pp 250-270.West, C. M. (2002). Lesbian Intimate Partner Violence Prevalence and Dynamics. Journal of Lesbian Studies, Vol. 6(1), pp 121-127.

Tuber Cells Essay -- essays research papers

DETERMINATION OF THE WATER POTENTIAL OF POTATO TUBER CELLS.Method.Five sucrose solutions with varying molarity and one control containing distilled weewee were prepared and poured into test tubes. The potato discs were dried, weighed and added to the test tubes. The discs were whence weighed again after a period of 24 hours. The percentage change in stack was then calculated. Apparatus.&61623 Specimen tubes with stoppers x6&61623 1cm3 diameter cork borer&61623 razor blade&61623 filter papers&61623 balance&61623 distilled water&61623 sucrose solutions with varying concentrations&61623 potato cut into midget discsResults. (Fig 1.0)Sucrose concentration (M)Initial plenitude(kg)Final mass(kg)Change in mass(%)0.100.951.2531.570.200.941.1320.210.301.031.1511.650.400.951.0510.520.500.880.86-2.270.600.930.84-9.67Control0.991.4042.41Discussion.Osmosis is the passive diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a down a concentration gradient. The water pote ntial of a system is the tendency for water to exit the system. In this experiment the aim was to measure the tendency for water to leave the tuber cells. As the water potential of pure water is zero the concentration of sucrose in solution will have an effect on the water potential, this is called the solute potential. The greater the concentration of sucrose the more negative the water potential, because water moves from a high to low water potential. When the potato is put into water it contains solute molecules which draw water in providing the external solute concentration is lower. The more s... ...ent was quite limited as the degree of experimental error that could occur gives rise to scepticism over the validity of the results. The cutting up of the potato into pieces of equal surface area and mass was extremely difficult minded(p) the equipment available. If error had occurred then this would have an effect on the amount of water moving to and from the cells. However thi s may have had lower-ranking influence in this case, as the potato discs were meticulously weighed and cut out. Another area of likely error was the drying out of the discs. There was a degree of fuss in deciding if the discs were dry enough, and the length of drying time each disc received. If the discs had not been dried sufficiently then the percentage change in mass recorded would have been greater than before. Such a change would result in a more negative water potential, making the results less accurate. If given the chance to repeat this experiment I would like to use more solutions ranging from 0.30M to 0.60M to give a more accurate graph, thus giving a more accurate determination of the water potential. I would also like to determine with the same degree of accuracy the point of incipient plasmolysis.

Tuber Cells Essay -- essays research papers

DETERMINATION OF THE WATER POTENTIAL OF POTATO TUBER CELLS.Method.Five sucrose origins with varying molarity and one control containing distilled water were prepared and poured into evidence tubes. The potato discs were dried, weighed and added to the test tubes. The discs were then weighed again after a period of 24 hours. The percentage change in mass was then calculated. Apparatus.&61623 Specimen tubes with stoppers x6&61623 1cm3 diameter cork borer&61623 razor blade&61623 filter papers&61623 balance&61623 distilled water&61623 sucrose solutions with varying assiduitys&61623 potato cut into small discsResults. (Fig 1.0)Sucrose concentration (M)Initial mass(kg)Final mass(kg)Change in mass(%)0.100.951.2531.570.200.941.1320.210.301.031.1511.650.400.951.0510.520.500.880.86-2.270.600.930.84-9.67Control0.991.4042.41Discussion.Osmosis is the passive diffusion of water molecules across a selectively semipermeable membrane from a down a concentration gradient. The water potential of a system is the tendency for water to exit the system. In this experiment the select was to measure the tendency for water to leave the tuber cells. As the water potential of pure water is zero the concentration of sucrose in solution will comport an effect on the water potential, this is called the solute potential. The greater the concentration of sucrose the more negative the water potential, because water moves from a high to low water potential. When the potato is put into water it contains solute molecules which draw water in providing the external solute concentration is lower. The more s... ...ent was quite limited as the degree of observational error that could occur gives rise to scepticism over the validity of the results. The cutting up of the potato into pieces of equal surface area and mass was extremely tall(prenominal) given the equipment available. If error had occurred then this would have an effect on the amount of water moving to and from the cells. However this may have had little influence in this case, as the potato discs were meticulously weighed and cut out. Another area of likely error was the drying out of the discs. There was a degree of difficulty in decision making if the discs were dry enough, and the length of drying time each disc received. If the discs had not been dried sufficiently then the percentage change in mass recorded would have been greater than before. Such a change would result in a more negative water potential, making the results less accurate. If given the chance to usurp this experiment I would like to use more solutions ranging from 0.30M to 0.60M to give a more accurate graph, thus giving a more accurate determination of the water potential. I would also like to determine with the same degree of accuracy the point of incipient plasmolysis.

Bloodlines Chapter Four

ABE HAD THE KIND OF APPEARANCE that could leave many people speechless, even if they knew nothing to the highest degree him.Oblivious to the heat discloseside, the Moroi man was dressed in a full suit and tie. The suit was white, at least, hardly it stable smacked standardized it would be warm. His shirt and tie were purple, as was the rose tucked into his pocket. G darkened glitte ruddy in his ears and at his throat. He was origin everyy from Turkey and had to a greater extent than color to him than most Moroi to a greater extentover was quiesce paler than kinds wish well me and Keith. Abes complexion actually reminded me of a convert person whod been sick for a while.Hello, I say stiffly.His smile split into a full grin. So nice to see you again.Always a pleasure. My fabrication sounded robotic, except hopefully it was separate than sounding afraid.No, no, he express. The pleasures all mine.If you say so, I state. This amused him further.Keith had frozen up again, so I strode over to the obsolete Moroi man and extended my hand so that at least one of us would look comparable we had manners. Are you Mr. Donahue? Im Sydney Sage.Clarence smiled and clasped my hand in his wrinkled one. I didnt flinch, even though the urge was t here(predicate). Unlike most Moroi Id met, he didnt cin one caseal his fangs when he smiled, which almost made my facade crack. An another(prenominal) reminder that no consider how human they seemed at times, these were still vampires.I am so pleased to correspond you, he said. Ive heard wonderful things about you.Oh? I asked, arching an eyebrow and wondering whod been talking about me.Clarence nodded emphatically. You are welcome in my home. Its delightful to obtain so much company.Introductions were made for e trulyone else. Eddie and Jill were a little reserved, exactly both(prenominal) friendly. Keith didnt shake any hands, nevertheless he at least stopped acting like a drooling fool. He took a c tomentum cere bri when offered and put on an arrogant expression, which was probably supposed to look like confidence. I hoped he wouldnt embarrass us.Im sorry, said Abe, leaning forward. His dark eyes glittered. Did you say your name was Keith Darnell?Yes, said Keith. He studied Abe curiously, no doubt recalling the Alchemists conversation back in Salt Lake City. Even through the bravado Keith was attempting to put on, I could see a sliver of unease. Abe had that effect. Why?No reason, said Abe. His eyes flicked to me and accordingly to Keith. It just sounds familiar, thats all.My fathers a very all-important(prenominal) man among the Alchemists, said Keith loftily. Hed relaxed a little, probably idea the stories about Abe were overrated. Fool. Youve undoubtedly heard of him.Undoubtedly, said Abe. Im sure thats what it is. He spoke so casually that no one would suspect he wasnt signalizeing the truth. and I knew the real reason Abe knew who Keith was, but I certainly didnt want that reveale d. I as well didnt want Abe dropping any more hints, which I suspect he was doing just to irk me.I tried to steer the subject away and get some answers for myself. I wasnt aware you were joining us, Mr. Mazur. The sweetness in my voice matched his.Please, he said. You know you can call me Abe. And I wont be stick outing, unfortunately. I simply came along to make sure this group arrived safely and to meet Clarence in person.Thats very nice of you, I said dryly, sincerely doubting Abes motives were as simple as that. If Id learned anything, it was that things were never simple when Abe Mazur was involved. He was a puppet master of sorts. He not only wanted to observe things, he also wanted to control them.He smiled winningly. Well, I always buzz off to help others in need.Yeah, a new voice suddenly said. Thats exactly what comes to mind when I think of you, old man.I hadnt perspective anyone could shock me more than Abe, but I was wrong. Rose? The name came out as a research f rom my lips, even though there could be no doubt about who this newcomer was. There was only one Rose Hathaway, by and by all.Hey, Sydney, she said, giving me a small, crooked smile as she entered the room. Her flashing, dark eyes were friendly, but they were also assessing everything in the room, much as Eddies gaze was. It was a guardian thing. Rose was about my height and dressed very casually in jeans and a red tank top. except, as always, there was something exotic and dangerous about her beauty that made her stand out from everyone else. She was like a tropical flower in this dark, stuffy room. One that could kill you. Id never seen her mother, but it was easy to tell that some of her looks came from Abes Turkish influence, like her long, dark brown hair. In the dim lighting, that hair looked near(a)ly black. Her eyes rested on Keith, and she nodded politely. Hey, other Alchemist.Keith stared at her wide-eyed, but whether that was a reaction to us existence further outnumb ered or simply a response to Roses extraordinary nature, I couldnt say. I-Im Keith, he stammered at last.Rose Hathaway, she told him. His eyes bugged even more as he recognized the name. She strode across the room, toward Clarence, and I noted that half of her allure was simply in the way she dominated her surroundings. Her expression softened as she regarded the elderly man. I checked the houses perimeter like you asked. Its about as safe as you can make it, though your back doors lock should probably be replaced.Are you sure? asked Clarence in disbelief. Its cross out new.Maybe when this house was built, came yet another new voice. Looking over to the doorway, I passd now that someone else had been with Rose when she arrived, but Id been too shock by her to notice. Again, that was a Rose thing. She always drew the attention. Its been rusted since we moved here.This newcomer was a Moroi, which set me on edge again. That brought the count up to 4 Moroi and two dhampirs. I was t rying very hard not to adopt Keiths military position especially since I already knew some of the people here but it was hard to shake that overwhelming brain of Us and Them. Moroi aged like humans, and at a guess, I thought this new guy was close to my age, per meet Keiths at most. He had nice features, I supposed, with black curling hair and gray eyes. The smile he offered seemed sincere, though there was a slight sense of uneasiness in the way he stood. His gaze was fixed on Keith and me, intrigued, and I wondered if maybe he didnt spend a lot of time with humans. roughly Moroi didnt, though they didnt share the same fears about our race as we did about theirs. notwithstanding then, ours didnt use theirs as food.Im downwind Donahue, he said, extending his hand. Once again, Keith didnt take it, but I did and introduced us.leeward looked back and forth between me and Keith, face full of wonder. Alchemists, responsibility? Ive never met one of you. The tattoos you guys ask are beautiful, he said, eyeing the gold lily on my cheek. Ive heard about what they can do.Donahue? asked Keith. He glanced between leeward and Clarence. Are you related?Lee gave Clarence an indulgent look. Father and son.Keith frowned. But you dont live here, do you? I was surprise that this, of all things, would draw him out. Maybe he didnt like the idea that his intel was faulty. He was Palm Springs Alchemist, after all, and hed supposed Clarence was the only Moroi in the area. non regularly, no, said Lee. I go to college in LA, but my schedules just part-time this semester. So, I want to try to spend more time with Dad. Abe glanced at Rose. You see that? he said. immediately thats devotion. She rolled her eyes at him.Keith looked like he had more questions about this, but Clarences mind was still back in the conversation. I couldve sworn I had that lock replaced.Well, I can replace it soon for you if you want, said Lee. Cant be that hard.I think its fine. Clarence rose unstea dily to his feet. Im going to take a look.Lee hurried to his side and shot us an apologetic look. Does it have to be right now? When it appeared that it did, Lee said, Ill go with you. I got the impression that Clarence frequently followed his whims, and Lee was used to it.I used the Donahues absence to get some answers Id been dying to know. I turned to Jill. You didnt have any problems getting here, did you? No more, um, incidents?We ran into a brace dissidents before we left move, said Rose, a dangerous note in her voice. Nothing we couldnt handle. The rest was uneventful. And its going to stay put that way, said Eddie matter-of-factly. He crossed his blazonry over his chest. At least if I have anything to do with it.I glanced between them, puzzled. I was told thered be a dhampir along did they decide to send two?Rose invited herself along, said Abe. Just to make sure the rest of us didnt miss anything. Eddies the one who provide be joining you at Amberwood. Rose scowled. I should be the one staying. I should be Jills roommate. No offense, Sydney. We need you for the paperwork, but Im the one whos gotta kick anyones ass who gives Jill trouble.I certainly wasnt going to argue against that.No, said Jill, with surprising intensity. Shed been quiet and hesitant the last time Id seen her, but her eyes grew fierce at the thought of being a burden to Rose. You need to stay with Lissa and keep her safe. Ive got Eddie, and besides, no one even knows Im here. Nothing else is going to happen.The look in Roses eyes said she was skeptical. I also suspected she didnt truly believe anyone could protect either Vasilisa or Jill as well as she could. That was saying something, considering the young queen was surrounded in bodyguards. But even Rose couldnt be everywhere at once, and she must have had to choose. Her words made me turn my attention back to Jill.What did happen? I asked. Were you hurt? We heard stories about an attack but no confirmation.There was a heavy pause in the room. Everyone except Keith and me seemed distinctly uncomfortable. Well, we were uncomfortable but for other reasons.Im fine, said Jill at last, after a sharp look from Rose. There was an attack, yeah, but none of us were hurt. I mean, not seriously. We were in the middle of a royal dinner when we were attacked by Moroi like, Moroi assassins. They made it look like they were going for Lis for the queen, but instead came for me. She hesitated and dropped her eyes, letting her long, curly brown hair fall forward. I was saved, though, and the guardians rounded them up. There was a nervous energy to Jill that I remembered from before. It was cute and made her seem very much like the shy teenager she was.But we dont think theyre all gone, which is wherefore we have to stay away from Court, explained Eddie. Even as he directed his words to Keith and me, he radiated a protectiveness toward Jill, daring anyone to challenge the girl he was in charge of keeping safe. And we dont know where the traitors in our own ranks are. So, until then, here we all are.Hopefully not for long, said Keith. I gave him a warning look, and he seemed to realize his comment could be perceived as rude. I mean, this place cant be all that fun for you guys, with the sun and everything.Its safe, said Eddie. Thats what counts.Clarence and Lee returned, and there was no more mention of Jills background or the attack. As far as father and son knew, Jill, Eddie, and Adrian had simply fallen out of favor with important royal Moroi and were in exile here. The two Moroi men didnt know who Jill really was and believed that the Alchemists were helping her due to Abes influence. It was a web of lies but a necessary one. Even if Clarence was in self-imposed exile, we couldnt risk him (or Lee now) accidentally letting outsiders know the queens sis was holed up here.Eddie glanced over at the older Moroi. You said youve never heard of any Strigoi being around here, right?Clarences eyes wen t unfocused for a moment as his thoughts turned inward. No but there are worse things than StrigoiLee groaned. Dad, please. Not that.Rose and Eddie were on their feet in an instant, and it was a wonder they didnt pull out weapons. What are you talking about? demanded Rose. What other dangers are there? asked Eddie, his voice like steel.Lee was actually blushing. Nothing please. Its a delusion of his, thats all.Delusion? asked Clarence, narrowing his eyes at his son. Was your cousins death a delusion? Is the fact that those high-ups at Court let Tamara go unavenged a delusion?My mind spun back to a conversation Id had with Keith in the car. I gave Clarence what I hoped was a reassuring look. Tamara was your niece, right? What happened to her, sir?She was killed, he said. There was a dramatic pause. By vampire hunters.Im sorry, by what? I asked, certain Id misheard.Vampire hunters, repeated Clarence. Everyone in the room looked as surprised as I felt, which was a small relief. Even so me of Rose and Eddies fierceness wavered. Oh, you wont find that anywhere not even in your records. We were living in Los Angeles when they got her. I reported it to the guardians, demanded they hunt the culprits down. Do you know what they said? He peered at each person in turn. Do you?No, said Jill meekly. What did they say? Lee sighed and looked miserable.Clarence snorted. They said there was no such thing. That there was no evidence to support my claim. They ruled it a Strigoi killing and said there was nothing anyone could do, that I should be grateful she wasnt turned.I looked at Keith, who again seemed startled by this story. He apparently didnt know Clarence as well as hed claimed. Keith had known the old man had a hang-up involving his niece, but not the extent of it. Keith gave me a small shrug that seemed to say, See? What did I tell you? Crazy.The guardians are very thorough, said Eddie. His tone and words were both clearly chosen with care, striving not to offend. He s at back down next to Jill. Im sure they had their reasons.Reasons? asked Clarence. If you consider disaffirmation and living a delusional life reasons, then I suppose so. They just dont want to accept that vampire hunters are out there. But tell me this. If my Tamara was killed by Strigoi, why did they cut her throat? It was cut cleanly with a blade. He made a slashing motion under his chin. Jill flinched and cowered into her chair. Rose, Eddie, and Abe also looked interpreted aback, which surprised me because I didnt think anything would make that group squeamish. Why not use fangs? Makes it easier to drink. I pointed that out to the guardians, and they said that since about half of her blood had been drunk, it was plainly a Strigoi. But I say a vampire hunter did it and made it look like they took her blood. Strigoi would have no reason to use a knife.Rose started to speak, paused, and then began again. It is strange, she said calmly. I had a feeling shed probably been about to blurt out how ridiculous this conspiracy theory was, but had thought better of it. But Im sure theres another explanation, Mr. Donahue.I wondered if mentioning that the Alchemists had no records of vampire hunters not in several centuries, at least would be helpful or not. Keith suddenly took the conversation in an unexpected direction. He met Clarences gaze levelly.It might seem strange for Strigoi, but they do all sorts of vicious things for no reason. I know from personal experience.My stomach sank. Oh no. All eyes turned to Keith.Oh? asked Abe, smoothing his black goatee. What happened?Keith pointed to his glass eye. I was attacked by Strigoi earlier this year. They beat me up and ripped out my eye. Then they left me.Eddie frowned. Without drinking or killing? That is really weird. That doesnt sound like normal Strigoi behavior.Im not sure you can really expect Strigoi to do anything normal, pointed out Abe. I gritted my teeth, wishing he wouldnt engage Keith in this. Please d ont ask about the eye, I thought. Let it go. That was too much to expect, of course, because Abes next question was, They only took the one eye? They didnt try for both?Excuse me. I rose before Keith could answer. I couldnt sit through this conversation and listen to Abe steerer Keith, simply for the fun of tormenting me. I needed to escape. I I dont feel well. Im going to get some air.Of course, of course, said Clarence, looking as though he wanted to rise as well. Should I have my housekeeper get you some water? I can ring the bell No, no, I said, moving toward the door. I just I just need a minute.I hurried out and heard Abe saying, Such delicate sensibilities. Youd think she wouldnt be so squeamish, considering her profession. But you, young man, seem like you can handle talking about bloodAbes ego-stroking worked, and Keith launched into the one story I most definitely didnt want to hear. I went back down the dark hallway and emerged outside. The fresh air was welcome, even i f it was more than twenty degrees warmer than what Id come from. I took a deep, steadying breath, forcing myself to stay calm. Everything was going to be okay. Abe would be leaving soon. Keith would return to his own apartment. I would go back to Amberwood with Jill and Eddie, who really didnt seem like bad companions, considering who I could have ended up with.With no real destination in mind, I decided to walk around and scope out Clarences home more like an estate, really. I picked a side of the house at random and walked around, admiring the detailed sculpting of the houses exterior. Even if it was hopelessly out of place in the southern California landscape, it was still impressive. I had always loved studying architecture a subject my father thought was pointless and was impressed by my surroundings. Glancing around, I noted that the one thousand didnt match the rest of what wed driven through to get here. A lot of the land in this region had gone brown from summer and lac k of rain, but Clarence had clearly spent a fortune to keep his sprawling yard lush and green. Non-native trees beautiful and full of flowers were artfully arranged to make walking paths and courtyards. subsequently several minutes of my nature stroll, I turned around and headed back toward the front of the house. I came to a stop when I heard someone. Where are you? a voice asked. Abe. Great. He was looking for me.Over here, I just barely heard Adrian say. His voice came from the far side of the house, opposite the side I was on. I heard someone walk across the gravel driveway, the footsteps coming to a halt when they reached what I gauged to be the back door where Abe stood.I bit my lip and stayed where I was, concealed by the house. I was almost afraid to breathe. With their hearing, Moroi could pick up the tiniest detail. Were you ever coming back? asked Abe, amused.Didnt see the point, was Adrians laconic response.The point is politeness. You could have made an effort to meet the Alchemists.They dont want to meet me. Especially the guy. There was concealed laughter in Adrians voice. You should have seen his face when I ran into him at the door. I wish Id had a cape on. The girls at least got some nerve.Nevertheless, they play a crucial role in your stay here and Jills. You know how important it is that she remain safe.Yeah, I get that. And I get why shes here. What I dont get is why Im here.Dont you? asked Abe. Id assume its obvious to both Jill and you. You have to stay near her.There was a pause. Thats what everyone says but Im still not sure its necessary. I dont think she needs me close by, no matter what Rose and Lissa claim.You have something better to do?Thats not the point. Adrian sounded annoyed, and I was glad that I wasnt the only one Abe had that effect on.Thats exactly the point, Abe said. You were wasting away at Court, drowning in your own self-pity among other things. Here, you have a chance to be useful.To you.To yourself as well. Thi s is an opportunity for you to make something of your life.Except you wont tell me what it is Im supposed to do said Adrian irritably. Aside from Jill, what is this great childbed you have for me?Listen. Listen and watch. I could perfectly picture Abe stroking his chin in that mastermind way of his again as he spoke. Watch everyone Clarence, Lee, the Alchemists, Jill and Eddie. even off attention to every word, every detail, and report it to me later. It may all be useful.I dont know that that really clears things up.You have potential, Adrian. Too much potential to waste. Im very sorry for what happened with Rose, but you have to move on. Maybe things dont make sense now, but they will later. Trust me.I almost felt bad for Adrian. Abe had once told me to trust him too, and look how things had turned out.I waited until the two Moroi returned inside and then followed a minute later. In the living room, Keith was still wearing his cocky attitude but looked relieved to have me back. We discussed more details and worked out a schedule for feedings, one I was in charge of maintaining since Id have to drive Jill (and Eddie, since he didnt want to let her out of his sight) back and forth to Clarences.How are you going to get to feedings? I asked Adrian. After hearing his conversation with Abe, I was now more curious than ever about his role here. Adrian was standing against the wall, on the opposite side of the room. His arms were crossed defensively, and there was a rigidness to his posture that conflicted with the lazy smile he wore. I couldnt be sure, but it looked as though he was purposely positioning himself as far from Rose as possible. By walking down the hall.Seeing my puzzled look, Clarence explained, Adrian will be staying here with me. It will be nice to have someone else in these old walls.Oh, I said. To myself, I muttered, How very Secret Garden.Hmm? asked Adrian, tilting his head toward me.I flinched. Their hearing was good. Nothing. I was just thi nking of a book I read.Oh, said Adrian dismissively, glancing away. The way he said the word seemed to be a condemnation of books everywhere.Dont forget me, said Lee, grinning at his father. I told you Ill be around more.Maybe young Adrian here will keep you out of trouble, then, declared Clarence.No one said anything to that, but I saw Adrians friends exchange a few amused glances.Keith didnt look nearly as freaked out as he had when wed arrived, but there was a new air of impatience and irritability in him that I didnt rather understand. Well, he said, after clearing his throat. I need to get home and take care of some patronage. And since youre my ride, SydneyHe left the words hanging but looked at me meaningfully. From what Id learned, I was more convinced than ever that Palm Springs was the least active vampire area anywhere. I couldnt honestly figure out what business Keith would have to take care of, but we had to leave here sooner or later. Eddie and Jill went to gather th eir luggage, and Rose used the opportunity to pull me aside.How have you been? she asked in a low voice. Her smile was genuine. Ive been worried about you, ever since well, you know. No one would tell me what happened to you. The last time Id seen her, Id been held prisoner in a hotel by guardians while the Moroi tried to figure out how big my role had been in Roses escape.I was in a little trouble at first, I said. But its past. What was a small lie between friends? Rose was so strong that I couldnt stand the thought of looking weak in front of her. I didnt want her to know that I still lived in fear of the Alchemists, forced to do whatever it took to get back in their good graces.Im glad, she said. They told me originally it was your sister that was going to be here.Those words reminded me again how Zoe could replace me at any moment. It was a mix-up.Rose nodded. Well, I feel a little better with you here, but its still hard I still feel like I should protect Jill. But I need to p rotect Lissa too. They think Jills the easier target, but theyre still going after Lissa. The inner turmoil shone in her dark eyes, and I felt a pang of pity. This was what Id had trouble explaining to the other Alchemists, how dhampirs and vampires could seem so human at times. Its been crazy, you know. Ever since Lissa took the throne? I thought Id finally get to relax with Dimitri. Her smile broadened. I shouldve known nothings ever simple with us. Weve spent all our time looking out for Lissa and Jill.Jill will be okay. As long as the dissidents dont know shes here, it should all be easy. Boring, even.She was still smiling, but her smile had dimmed a little. I hope so. If you only knew what had happened Her expression changed as some memory seized her. I started to insist she tell me what had happened, but she shifted the subject before I could. Were working on changing the law the one that says Lissa needs one family member in order to stay queen. Once thats done, both she an d Jill will be out of danger. But that just means those who want to take out Jill are more insane than ever, because they know the clocks ticking.How long? I asked. How long will it take to change the law?I dont know. A few months, maybe? Legal stuff well, its not my thing. Not the details of it, at least. She grimaced briefly and then became battle tough again. She tossed her hair over one shoulder. Crazy people who want to hurt my friends? That is my thing, and believe me, I know how to deal with it.I remember, I said. It was weird. I thought of Rose as one of the strongest people I knew, yet it seemed as though she needed my assurance. Look, you go do what you do, and Ill do what I do. Ill make sure Jill blends in. You guys got her out without anyone knowing. Shes off the grid now.I hope so, Rose repeated, voice grim. Because if shes not, your little group here doesnt stand a chance against those crazy rebels.

Organic Food Industry in India Essay

India today is on the threshold of an perfect revolution and Indian constituent(a) Food labor though at a nascent stage, has experienced steatimedfast growth in past few years. The countrys budding constitutive(a) nourishment merchandise is transforming into worlds fastest exploitation constitutional food market backed by a shift in consumer behavior and spend patterns. Trends in the Industry perfect Food Stores New Varieties on offer acclivity Investments Marketing Techniques organic Food Industry has been blossoming in India. The sedulousness to which afield demand/exports was oxygen to breathe will be experiencing a colossal change in the consumption pattern in times to come.With growing health aw arness among the people coupled with rising disposable incomes and support from Indian government, original food will surely secure a indissoluble place in Indian households. Evolving perception of constitutive(a) food from being a luxury only for elite to a necessity wil l amaze the internal consumption. Also, overseas demand for Indian constitutional food will remain robust and continue to drive the industry to r are heights. Indian Organic Food industry currently pegged at USD 189 million in 2011 is tell apartd to grow at a CAGR of 45%, to tally USD 1733 million by 2017. orbit OF THE REPORT Indian Organic Food Industry at a glance Emerging trends in the industry like organic food stores, Rising investments, Marketing techniques etc Demand Supply scenario encompassing product, demand & export numbers and projections Factors driving growth, Issues & Challenges Government Regulations & Initiatives in Indian market Major players Forecasts REASONS TO BUY To project the various factors which are fuelling the growth and those which are/will be critical for the industry performance in the near term Comprehensive report application program all the aspects required to belowstand the industry performance and future prospects.The report elucidates th e current market scenario of the industry and forecasts key parameters which helps to anticipate the industry performance A burgeoning organic market beckons to Indias rural farmers Indian farmers overhear started to reap dividends from their budding interest in organic gardening. It wasnt long back, somewhat septenary years ago, when Indian farmers started to go organic. In 2006-07, around 4.32 lakh ha reported organic produce a large portion came from wacky and non-agricultural land which has directly reached around 11 lakh ha, as per the recent report The World of Organic Agriculture, 2013 by FiBL and IFOAM (Research Institute of Organic Agriculture and supranational Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements). The growth rate has reached around 20% per year, much higher(prenominal) than early expectations, says Krishan Chandra, director, National Centre of Organic Farming. The current market for organic foods in India is pegged at Rs. 2,500 crore, which according to A SSOCHAM, is expected to reach Rs. 6,000 crore by 2015.Itll still leave us at 1% of the global market. Thus, a long probable is seen in the nascent Indian organic sector. Apart from states like Sikkim or MP, were seeing a rising interest in Gujarat, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, UP and Bihar, says Chandra. India outnumbers every early(a) country in terms of organic producers with an estimated 5,47,591. Organic products, which until now were mainly being exported, are now finding consumers in the domestic market. Even Tier II cities like Nagpur, Allahabad, Gorakhpur and Bhatinda show an increase in organic consumption, says Sunil Kumar, AGM at Morarka Rural Research Foundation.According to a survey of 1,000 consumers in ten cities done by Morarka Organic Foods, around 30% of Indian consumers preferred organic products and were even prepared to pay 10 to 20% much for them. Soil abused by chemical fertiliser excesses takes more time to produce comparable yields. Although, the greet o f organic cultivation is much less, reducing cost incurred in purchasing costly inputs, says Rohitashwa Ghakar, Project Head, International Competence Centre for Organic Agriculture. * Regions reap their rewards North Growth In UP, organic certification has gone(p) up 36 fold in the detain six years.The compass below organic cultivation rose from 3,034 to 111,644 ha. However, most of the organic farming is nether a corporate-farmer contract. In Haryana, with hardly any takers till 2008, organic crops today are produced in more than 10,000 ha. However, Punjab farmers have sh suffer little interest. Of the total 4046 lakh ha of land under cultivation, only a minuscule portion 2104 ha is under organic farming. ordinary organic crops Nearly 40,000 farmers in UP are growing organic wheat, rice, pulses, maize, and numerous herbs like Tulsi, Ashwagandh, Aloe Vera.Haryana grows mostly vegetables like tomato, beans, or fruits like summer-squash, melons and mangoes. Although I sell the p roduce in Delhi, most of it goes to retail set up, says Kanwal Chauhan, a farmer in Sonepat. Challenges Punjab State Farmers Commission consultant Dr PS Rangi feels that organic farming cannot feed the entire country. One can grow vegetables or some wheat for personal use, but it cant be grown on a large scale. (By Pankaj Jaiswal, Rajesh Moudgil and Gurpreet Nibber) South Growth In Kerala, at least 40 % of the farming is organic and the state is set to become the second fully organic state after Sikkim in 2016.From 7,000 ha in 2007, the state has spread organic cultivation to 16,000 ha. In Andhra Pradesh another 11,500 ha would be added to the current 4273. 54 ha this year. In Karnataka, under the organic programmes of the state, an orbit of 1,18,676 ha has seen organic farming benefiting around one lakh farmers, said R Anuradha, agriculture department. Popular organic crops More than grains and pulses in Kerala organic farming is prevalent in cash crops, rice and vegetables. In Andhras smaller towns and villages, people are slowly shifting to organically grown rice, ragi and other millets.In Karnataka, crops like pepper, vanilla, coffee, nutmeg which are not available in other parts of India are a popular choice. Challenges In large tracts of the states tribal belt like Karnataka and AP, the farmers have engaged in slash/burn farming for generations and do not use any pesticide or fertilizer. There have been no efforts to take this into account. (By Ramesh Babu, Ashok Das and Naveen Ammembala) North East Growth 30. 92 lakh ha out of the net cultivated area of 43 lakh ha in the region have never seen the use of chemical fertilisers.Almost 89% of farmland is categorised as organic in Mizoram, which passed an Organic Act in 2004. Whereas Meghalaya, a major strawberry producer, eyes a turnout of 500 MT from the current 250 MT a year. Popular organic crops Much of the area in the region is taken up by paddy, vegetables and fruits such as grapes. The more pros perous farmers are into cultivation of medicinal plants, rose and anthurium, primarily for export. Mizoram has become the largest anthurium flower producer in India, owing to nigh 98% of women anthurium growers, said Samuel Rosanglura of Mizorams horticulture department.Challenges close state governments promote vermi-compost and manure in the region since bio-fertilisers and bio-pesticides are difficult to access. (By Rahul Karmakar) West Growth Gujarat has seen substantial growth in organic farming. It currently utilises around 42,000 ha under organic farming. Maharashtra has been a front runner in organic farming with around 6. 5 lakh ha under it, a huge rise from 18,786 ha in 2005-06. In Rajasthan, there has been a ten-fold increase. From around 22,000 ha in 2005-06, the state has taken a leap to 2,17,712 ha.Popular organic crops Gujarat grows organic wheat, pulses and fruits like mango, chikoo and papaya. While cotton, turmeric, ginger are some crops grown in Rajasthan. In Ma harashtra, cotton, cereals, fruits dominate the organic farming scene. The state has initiated a pilot project to grow grapes that will produce organic wine. Challenges Tribals who hardly use chemical fertilisers are left out of organic benefits, says Kapil Shah of Jatan Trust that promotes organic farming. (By Mahesh Langa) Yoav Lev was a 22-year-old backpacker when he first came to India in 1987.A graduate from an agricultural boarding school in Israel, he came seeking inner counterinsurgency from his spiritual guru, the late H. W. L. Poonja of Lucknow, better known as Papaji. The quest was to find my true purpose and true self, he says. He eventually stayed on in India, taking on a new name, Bharat Mitra, and is currently the Founder and President of Organic India, one of Indias leading organic foods companies. It ended 2012 with Rs 60 crore revenues and hopes to reach Rs 90 crore this year, with about half of its sales in India. Five years ago, 75 per cent of our revenue came f rom exports and the rest from the domestic market.Now both markets have equal shareRaj Seelam Photo A Prabhakar Rao Organic foods are those made from agricultural products grown without the use of pesticides or chemical fertilisers. It was from Papaji that Lev learnt the healing power of tulsi (basil plant). By 1997, he had begun cultivating three types of tulsi organically in Azamgarh in eastern Uttar Pradesh. In 2006 he launched Organic India with tulsi tea as its flagship product. Today, the company makes 18 different flavours of tulsi tea and 33 different herbal formulations or supplements, which are said to have medicinal value.He is gearing up to launch a complete ordain of organic food items, including rice and pulses. We are in the final stages of a very promising joint venture to launch a comprehensive cooking stove of products both for the Indian market and for exports, says Lev. He prefers not to reveal the name of the well known Indian company he is negotiating with. L ev is not alone. A lot of entrepreneurs in India is betting big on the domestic organic food market . Consider Raj Seelam, an Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad alumnus.When Lev first took up tulsi cultivation, some 1,200 km down south in Hyderabad, Seelam was still selling pesticides and fertilisers. From 1988 to 2000, he worked in the farm inputs division of E. I. D Parry, a Murugappa Group company, one of the largest industrial groups in India. It gave me a chance to interact closely with farmers and see the havoc that indiscriminate use of pesticides can create, he says. This spurred him to consider organic farming, even though he was aware agribusinesses rarely succeed in India, because of low margins and excessive government control.Today, his company, Sresta Natural Bioproducts, sells a range of 200 organic products in India and overseas from rice, pulses, sugar, and juices to breakfast cereals and jams. Five years ago, 75 per cent of our revenue came from exports and the balance from the domestic market. Now both markets have equal share, he says. Indeed, the demand for organic foods in India has seen a sharp growth in recent years. While earlier, organic food producers primarily aimed at exports to Europe and the United States, there is now a gradual shift.The demand for organic foods has been growing and today we stock a range of around 38 different organic foods in 40 stores as against just about half a dozen stores three years ago, says S. Jagdish Krishnan, Chief Operating Officer of the retail and bakery divisions of Heritage Foods, an organic food company with a big presence in Bangalore, Chennai and Hyderabad. Most of the big retail chains now stock organic products, including Godrej Natures Basket, Hyper City, Food Bazaar, More, Nilgiris, Spencers and Tesco Starbazar.While no of-ficial figures are available, industry estimates put the organic food market within India at close to Rs 100 crore, having grown five-fold in the last six year s. When Seelam began organic cultivation in 2004, not a single domestic retailer was impulsive to stock his products. They feared stocks would not move, since organic foods are significantly more expensive than conventional foods. That is partly due to higher processing costs, since they choose to eschew chemical additives, as well as higher packaging costs, to ensure a reasonably long shelf life.A kilo of Sona Masuri rice, a well known brand, for instance, sells at Rs 40 per kg firearm organic rice of the same variety costs Rs 60 per kg. Again, tur dal (a commonly used variety of pulses in India) is available at Rs 90 per kg while its organic version costs Rs 140 per kg. This is condescension the doubling of prices of these commodities in the past three years, while the organic variants have stayed at almost the same price levels. Seelam was forced to focus on exports. But unwilling to give up on the local market, he set up his own retail stores in four cities Hyderabad, Bangal ore, Pune and Chennai to promote organic products.Today, almost every major retail outlet is willing to stock his products. He has a presence in close to 40 cities and towns, ranging from Patiala in the north to Guntur in the south, and broke even last year. So, why have domestic consumers taken to organic foods despite their cost? Mukesh Gupta, Director of Morarka Organic, which mainly focuses on the domestic market, attributes it to rising disposable incomes and improved awareness about the health benefits of organic foods. From 2007 to 2012, the average middle mannequin income in India has shot up.The consumer is willing to pay more for good quality food, he says. Between 2007 and 2012, the average middle class income in India has shot up. The consumer is willing to pay more for goodquality food Mukesh Gupta Photo Vivan Mehra/www. indiatodayimages. com The demand for organic foods will only grow in India, organic food producers claim, with the implementation of the Food golosh and Standards Act from February this year. The new law sets more stringent standards of food safety raising the bar on the quality of food manufacture, storage, distribution, sale and import.The stress on quality under the new Act will push up prices of foodstuff made using conventional techniques, reducing the price differential with organic food, and boosting sales, asserts Gupta. However, consumers would do well to ensure that they only buy certified organic products, say producers. Organic food products manufactured in and exported from India are marked with the India Organic certification mark issued by certification agencies accredited under the the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) and monitored by the Agricultural and Processed Food Products exportation Development Authority (APEDA).Most of the ing organic food companies in India voluntarily opt for this certification, though it is not mandatory for domestic sales. The demand for certified organic foods has been growing since 2001. These are produced by about 570,000 small farmers in India with 500,000 hectares under cultivation, says National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) Organic products are grown under a system of agriculture without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides with an environmentally and socially responsible approach.This is a method of farming that works at grass shank level preserving the reproductive and regenerative capacity of the soil, good plant nutrition, and sound soil management, produces nutritious food rich in vitality which has resistance to diseases. India is bestowed with lot of potential to produce all varieties of organic products due to its various agro climatic regions. In several parts of the country, the inherited tradition of organic farming is an added advantage. This holds promise for the organic producers to tap the market which is growing steadily in the domestic market related to the export market.Currently, India ranks 33rd in terms of total land under organic cultivation and 88th position for agriculture land under organic crops to total farming area. The cultivated land under certification is around 4. 43 million Ha ( 2010-11). The Government of India has implemented the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP). The national programme involves the accreditation programme for certification bodies, norms for organic production, promotion of organic farming etc. The NPOP standards for production and accreditation system have been recognized by European Commission and Switzerland as equivalent to their country standards.Similarly, USDA has recognized NPOP unison assessment procedures of accreditation as equivalent to that of US. With these recognitions, Indian organic products duly certified by the accredited certification bodies of India are accepted by the importing countries. mathematical product India produced around 3. 88 million MT of certified organic products which includes all varietie s of food products namely Basmati rice, Pulses, Honey, Tea, Spices, Coffee, Oil Seeds, Fruits, Processed food, Cereals, Herbal medicines and there value added products.The production is not limited to the edible sector but also produces organic cotton fiber, garments, cosmetics, functional food products, body care products, etc. EXPORTS India exported 86 items last year (2010-11) with the total volume of 69837 MT. The export realization was around 157. 22 million US $ registering a 33% growth over the previous year. Organic products are mainly exported to EU, US, Australia, Canada, Japan, Switzerland, South Africa and Middle East. Oil Crops (except Sesame) leads among the products exported (17966 MT).

Disco Music

Matt Crane 8-19-06 Music Back in the late 1960s, leaping originated as a combination of some instruments played together. It was in 1969 when Jerry Butler released his latest song Only the Strong Survive that we got our very first dance medicament song. This was the birth of disco but then it was a form of symphony which hadnt been named. Four years and many songs later on the 13th of kinfolk 1973, Vince Aletti wrote an article in the Rolling Stone Magazine which gave this music form its name DISCO.This reasonful music is found on a make sense of instruments blended together to get what is known as the disco sound. The vocals are played on a steady four on the floor squeeze or what is known as a quaver (eighth note) or a semi- quaver (sixteenth note). Many electronic musical gadgets are used to create the emphasise score. This form of music has more of electric bass line and the guitar is seldom used as a lead instrument. Films like Saturday Night Fever and thank God Its Friday made disco theque more popular than ever before.It was the Bee Gees who came to represent real disco music theque. The group till then was famous for their b allads and pop songs ambitious the supremacy of The Beatles. Their success numbers were released again on the Saturday Night Fever movie soundtrack. Disco was born much earlier in the late 60s when Jerry Butleras haunting melody was the first case of a combination of music with dance. This disuniteicular song brought about the marriage between Philly and New York soul both being evolutions of Motown Sound. The Philly sound is lavish percussion. 972 Soul Makasso is said to be one of the first disco songs. Disco spread to Europe through the jivings of Abba from the middle 70s. Boney-M was another group of four West Indian singers and dancers who guided by West German phonograph recording producer Frank Farian, soon became a great hit in Canada and Japan. The latter half of the 70s saw clubs reverberating with Disco m usic. The culture centered on discotheques, nightclubs, and private parties where DJs played disco hits through power sound systems. Long single records kept people dancing throughout the night.Even some of the most honored clubs matched their unaffixeding arrangements to swish to the beat of Disco theque. Dancing schools sprung up in some cities and candidates were taught how to touch dance hustle and cha-cha. Disco fashions then hit the grocery store with Halston dresses for women, shiny Qiana shirts for men pointed collars and open at the chest worn with double knit jacket suits. Disco culture soon became a shelter for those on the fringes of society they found a way to express themselves. Disco managed to fulfill one of the objectives of the Civil Rights movement.It brought the races closer together for the first time where Blacks & Whites co-mingled freely. Although discos did in fact lead to the downfall of the inner city Funk House and while a few of them practiced racis t door policies. For the most part you could get in, dance and socialize across racial barriers. Disco was in fact one of the first forms of voluntary integration that Americans shake up seen. The music was the same & every ones attitude was the same. Different instruments and disco sounds made their way into the hearts of people in a cock-a-hoop way.Discos became a place where there would be loud disco music, a dance floor with disco lights and of course you disco lovers dressed in the latest disco outfits having a blast of a life time. Discos have a culture of their own. The music is loud enough to make you and your heart beat a elfin faster. The lights keep changing colors and also help in changing you moods and shedding any inhibition you have. The clothes too are tight fitted to show rancid your more of the body. Shirts with slightly long and pointy collars, the Qiana shirts for the gents and the Halston dresses for women were in fashion.Discos brought in many other cul tures too. One of the main addictions that disco brought in was drugs. Cocaine and methaqualone became the main drugs for all disco lovers. While cocaine gave them a high spirit, it helped many to enjoy the loud music better. Quaalude made them feel light like jelly and helped them to move to the groove. The dance lovers enjoyed the discotheques, as there was music, dance, alcohol and fun. Discos became very popular and some of them became as popular as tourist sites too. Manhattans studio apartment 54 is one such place.You couldnt miss this hangout, as you would see many celebrities and people who are both rich and famous there. In the seventies and 80s disco and dance came together and were the craze of the time. Groups like The Jackson Five, ABBA and The BEE GEES are still bands which are famous for their great disco music. Disco, which was performed only by a few bands in the beginning spread like a forest fire. Soon disco became mainstream and all kinds of bands were performing disco numbers. Disco was the in issue and a lot of movies were made on the disco theme too.Saturday night fever starring John Travolta and Thank God Its Friday were two big hits with disco as its mainstream idea. ABBA was a group, which took Disco beyond the borders of America and right into Europe and Asia. The songs were such big chart busters that all over the world they created many new records. Boney M a group of four West Indian singers were another group, which broke the barriers of caste, color and creed to give pure and superior disco music. Dalida released their hit number Jattendrai which topped the charts in Japan, middle and south Asia and Canada These groups made disco very popular in the 70s.The festering craze for disco angered the fans of rock music. While some just threw out all disco records, a few took drastic steps. DJs of rock music held events like the Disco Demolition night. Many groups came together to stage anti-disco demonstrations. Slowly but steadily in the 1980s disco began to die down. Though disco kind of became obsolete but it was still very much a part of the night life in Europe. With newer forms of music and even newer groups emerging Disco was given a back seat. In 1990s and 2000 once again disco began gaining popularity again.With major singers like Madonna, Kate Ryan and Suzanne Palmer performing Disco. Disco sound is mainly based on strings and horns accompanied by reverberating vocals mixing with electric pianos and chicken-scratch guitars. Dramatic minor and major seventh chords dominate disco music. The other instruments in used are bass guitar, piano, string synth with electrocoustic keyboards. There are drum kits and electronic drums together with harp, violin, viola, trumpet, saxophone, trombone, clarinet, flugelhorn, French horn, tuba, English horn, oboe, flute and piccolo.The songs usually have a steady four-on-the floor beat. It has affinity with Dominican meringue, rumba, samba and cha-cha-cha rhythms. A sy nthesizer is sometimes used to replace the bass guitar. Disco branched off into regional styles during the mid70s by many formal musicians. Keeping the same broad traits of disco the new types came to get an individual stamp of the singer and the orchestra. noteworthy among them were The Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra and New York Philharmonic. Disco thus came to be arranged and composed by experienced arrangers and orchestrators. It required large number of instruments and a eam, which included the conductor, copyists, record producers and mixing engineer. Disco songs used as many as 64 tracks of vocals and instrumentals. Mixing engineers thus had a very important role. They created a distinctive sound known as disco-mix. DJs were important for popularizing disco and consequently its sales. I would say that disco music expresses itself by its fast beats that you dance to. Its music gets people to be all about partying, loosing yourself to the songs, and feeling good. It lets peo ple groove or Boogie down, just dance the night away.Its the art of arranging sounds in time so as to produce a continuous, unified, and evocative composition, as through melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre. To me disco music means, music that consists of several(prenominal) different instruments that make all sorts of rhythms and melodies. Its a type of music that has a fast beat and just makes you want to dance. With disco music all you want to do is get down on a dance floor with a lot of people and just feeling good. Disco music is a good style of music that puts different sounds in one through the melody and rhythm of the song.

Rights of Drug Administration

THE SIX RIGHTS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION Right Drug Many medicines have similar spellings and variable concentrations. originally the tribunal of the medicine, it is imperative to liken the exact spelling and concentration of the prescribed drug with the medication card or drug profile and the medication container. Regardless of the drug distri entirelyion dodge used, the drug label should be read at least three seasons 1. forrader removing the drug from the shelf or unit drug cart. 2. Before preparing or measuring the actual prescribed dose 3.Before replacing the drug on the shelf or onward opening a unit dose container (just prior to administering the drug to the forbearing) Right Time When scheduling the administration time of a medication, factors such as timing abbreviations, ensampleized times, consistency of blood levels, absorption, symptomatic testing, and the use of p. r. n. medications must be considered. 1. Standard AbbreviationsThe drug order specifies the fre quency of drug administration. Standard abbreviations used as part of the drug order modify the times of administrati0n.The go down on should also violate institutional policy concerning administration of medications. Hospitals often have standardized interpretations for abbreviations. The nurse must memorize and utilize standard abbreviations in interpreting, transcribing, and administering medications accurately. 2. Standardized governance TimesFor patient role safety, certain medications argon administered at specific times. This allows laboratory work or ECGs to be completed first, in order to determine the size of the next dose to be administered. 3.Maintenance of Consistent Blood LevelsThe scroll for the administration of a drug should be planned to conserve consistent blood levels of the drug in order to maximize the therapeutic effectiveness. 4. Maximum Drug AbsorptionThe schedule for vocal administration of drugs must be planned to prevent incompatibilities and maxim ize absorption. Certain drugs entreat administration on an empty stomach. Thus, they are given 1hour before or 2 hours after meals. other medications should be given with foods to enhance absorption or reduce irritations.Still other drugs are non given with diary products or antacids. It is chief(prenominal) to maintain the recommended schedule of administration for maximum therapeutic effectiveness. 5. Diagnostic TestingDetermine whether any diagnostic tests have been ordered for completion prior to initiating or continuing therapy. Before beginning antimicrobial therapy, assure that all culture specimens (such as blood, urine, or wound) have been collected. If a physician has ordered serum levels of the drug, coordinate the administration time of the medication with the time the phlebotomist is going to draw the blood sample.When completing the requisition for a serum level of a medication, always make a musical note of the date and time that the drug was at last administered . Timing is important if tests are not conducted at the same time intervals in the same patient, the reading gained are of little value. 6. P. R. N. MedicationsBefore the administration of any p. r. n. medication, the patients chart should be disciplineed to ensure that the drug has not been administered by soul else, or that the specified time interval has passed since the medication was last administered. When a p. rn. medication is given, it should be charted immediately.Record the response to the medication. Right Dose Check the drug venereal disease ordered against the range specified in the reference books available at the nurses station. 1. Abnormal Hepatic or Renal FunctionAlways consider the hepatic and renal function of the specific patient who will receive the drug. Depending on the rate of drug metabolism and itinerary of excretion from the body, certain drugs require a reduction in dosage to prevent toxicity. Conversely, patients being dialyzed may require higher t han normal doses. Whenever a dosage is outside the normal range for that drug, it should be verified before administration.Once verification has been obtained, a brief explanation should be recorded in the nurses notes and on the Kardex 9or drug profile) so that others administering the medication will not be repeatedly contacted with the same questions. The following laboratory tests are used to monitor liver function aspartame aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). The blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Crs), and creatinine clearance (Ccr) are used to monitor renal function. 2.Pediatric and Geriatric longanimoussSpecific doses for some drugs are not yet firmly established for the elderly and for the pediatric patient. The nurse should question any order outside the normal range before administration. For pediatric patients, the most safe method is by proportional am ount of body surface area or body weight. 3. Nausea and VomitingIf a patient is vomiting, oral medications should be withheld and the physician contacted for alternate medication orders, as the parenteral or rectal route may be preferred. Investigate the onset of the nausea and vomiting.If itbegan after the fount of the medication regimen, consideration should be given to rescheduling the oral medication. Administration with food usually decreases gastric irritation. Consult with a physician for changes in orders. Right Patient When using the medication card system, lavatoryvass the name of the patient on the medication card with the patients identification bracelet. With the unit dose system, compare the name on the drug profile with the respective(prenominal)s identification bracelet. When checking the bracelet to a lower place either system, always check for allergies, as well.Some institutional policies require that the individual be called by name as a means of identificat ion. This practice must take into consideration the patients mental acuity and orientation. It is much safer ALWAYS to check the identification bracelet. 1. Pediatric PatientsNever ask children their names as a means of positive identification. Children may change beds, punish to avoid you, or seek attention by identifying themselves as some adept else. Check identification bracelets EVERY age. 2. Geriatric PatientsIt is a wise policy to check identification bracelets, in addition to confirming names verbally.In a long-term care setting, residents usually do not wear identification bracelets. In these instances, altogether a person who is familiar with the residents should administer medications. Many errors may be voided by carefully following the practices just presented. Make it a habit to check the identification bracelet EVERY TIME a medication is administered. The adverse effects of administration to the wrong medication to the wrong patient and the potential for a lawsuit can thus be avoided. Right Route The drug order should specify the route to be used for the administration of the medication.Never substitute one dosage form of medication for some other unless the physician is specifically consulted and an order for the change is obtained. There can be a great variation in the absorption rate of the medication through various routes of administration. The intravenous route delivers the drug directly into the bloodstream. This route provides the fastest onset, but also the greatest insecurity of potential adverse effects such as tachycardia and hypotension. The intramuscular route provides the next fastest absorption rate, based upon availability of blood supply.This route can be quite painful, as is the case with many antibiotics. The subcutaneous route is next fastest, based on blood supply. In some instances the oral route may be as fast as the intramuscular route, depending on the medication being given, the dosage form (liquids are absorbed faster than tablets), and whether thither is food in the stomach. The oral route is usually safe if the patient is conscious and able to swallow. The rectal route should be avoided, if possible, due to irritation of mucosal tissues and erratic absorption rates.In case of error, the oral and rectal routes have the advantage of recoverability for a short time after administration. Right Drug Preparation and Administration Maintain the higher standards of drug preparation and administration. Focus your entire attention on the calculation, preparation, and administration of the ordered medication. A drug reconstituted by a nurse should be clearly labeled with the patients name, the dose or strength per unit of volume, the date and time the drug was reconstituted, the amount and type of thinner used, the expiration date/ or time, and the initials or name of the nurse who prepared it.Once reconstituted, the drug should be stored according to the manufacturers recommendation. CHECK the l abel of the container for the drug name, concentration, and route of appropriate administration. CHECK the patients chart, Kardex, medication administration record, or identification bracelet for allergies. If no information is found, ask the patient, prior to the administration of the administration of the medication, if he or she has any allergies. CHECK the patients chart, Kardex, medication administration record for rotation schedules of injectable or topically apply medications. CHECK medications to be compound in one spray with a list approved by the hospital or the pharmacy for compatibility. Normally, all drugs mixed in a single syringe should be administered within 15 minutes after mixing. Immediately prior to administration, ALWAYS CHECK the contents of syringe for clarity and the absence of any precipitate if either is present, do not administer the contents of the syringe. CHECK the patients identity EVERY TIME a medication is administered. DO approach the patient in a firm but kind manner that conveys the feeling that cooperation is expected. DO adjust the patient to the most appropriate position for the route of administration (for example for oral medications, sit the patient upright to facilitate swallowing). Have appropriate fluids ready before administration. DO remain with the patient to be certain that all medications have been swallowed. DO use every opportunity to teach the patient and family about the drug being administered. DO give simple and honest answers or explanations to the patient regarding the medication and treatment. DO use a plastic container, medicine cup, medicine dropper, oral syringe, or nipple to administer oral medications to an infant or small child. DO reward the child who has been cooperative by giving praise teething ring and hold the uncooperative child after completing the medication administration. DO NOT prepare or administer a drug from a container that is not properly labeled or from a container where the label is not fully legible. DO NOT give any medication prepared by an individual other than the pharmacist. ALWAYS check the drug name, dosage, frequency, and route ofadministration against the order.Student nurses must know the practice limitations instituted by the hospital or school and which medications can be administered under what level of supervision. DO NOT return an unused portion or dose of medication to a stock supply bottle. DO NOT search to administer any drug orally to a comatose patient. DO NOT leave a medication at the patients bedside to be taken later remain with the individual until the drug is taken and swallowed. DO NOT dilute a liquid medication form unless there are specific written orders to do so. BEFORE DISCHARGE (1) Explain the proper method of taking prescribed medications to the patient. (2)Stress the need for punctuality in the administration of medications, and what to do if a dosage is missed. (3)Teach the patient to store medications separately from other containers and personal hygiene items. (4)Provide the patient with written operating instructions reiterating the medication names, schedules, and how to obtain refills. Write the instructions in a language understood by the patient, and use LARGE BOLD LETTERS when necessary. (5) Identify anticipated therapeutic response. 6)Instruct the patient, family member(s), or significant others on how to collect and record information for use by the physician to monitor the patients response to drug and other treatment modalities. (7)Give the patient, or another responsible individual, a list of signs and symptoms that should be reported to the physician. (8)Stress measures that can be initiated to minimize or prevent anticipated side effects to the prescribed medication. It is important to do this further encourage the patient to be complaint with the prescribed regimen.Right Documentation Documentation of nursing actions and patient observations has always been an im portant ethical responsibility, but now it is becoming a major medicolegal consideration as well. Indeed, it is becoming known as the sixth right. Always chart the following information date and time of administration, name of medication, dosage, route, and site of administration. Documentation of drug action should be made in the regularly scheduled assessments for changes in the disease symptoms the patient is exhibiting.Promptly record and report adverse symptoms observe. Document health teaching performed and evaluate and record the degree of understanding exhibited by the patient. DO record when a drug is not administered and why. DO NOT record a medication until after it has been given. DO NOT record in the nurses notes that an incident report has been completed when a medication error has occurred. However, data regarding clinical observations of the patient related to the occurrence should be charted to serve as a baseline for future comparisons.Whenever a medication erro r does occur, an incident report is completed to describe the circumstances of the event. An incident report related to a medication error should include the following data date, time the drug was ordered, drug name, dose, and route of administration. Information regarding the date, time, drug administered, and dose and route of administration should be given, and the therapeutic response or adverse clinical observations present should be noted. Finally, record the date, time, and physicians ordered given. Be FACTUAL do not state opinions on the incident report.

Great Expectations and Oliver Twist Essay

Every author has his own style of writing. He may use an idea in maven of his novels in another. In the curbs Great Expectations and Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens, the author uses descriptive plots, exiting characters, and a meaningful message to prove that two ideas in a book although similar can be presented differently. Throughout the plot of Great Expectations and Oliver twist, Dickens uses robbery to show the similarities and differences within the book.After a young small fry, dash, visits his parents tombstone in the graveyard, he comes across a petrifying convict on the run the convict threatens to hurt Pip unless he bring the man food and makes the child keep his whereabouts a secret. Pip wakes up in the middle of the night and admits, I was in mortal terror of myself, from whom an awful promise had been extracted. I had no time to spare. I stole some bread, some rind of cheese, and about half a jar of mincemeat. and a beautiful round compact pork pie. The child is te rrified of the convict and is afraid what will befall him if he does not do as the convict instructed. The boy steals food , not out of the evil-minded within his heart, but out of fear that the felon might hurt him. On the other hand, Oliver, a homeless orphan, is welcomed into the home of Fagin (also known as the Jew) who brings in stray children.A while later, while walking through the city streets with his inmates, what appears before the child is, . Olivers horror and alarm as he stood a few paces off, looking on with his eye-lids as wide open as they would possibly go. o see the Dodger plunge his hand into this old gentlemans pocket, and draw from thence a handkerchief, which he handed to Charley Bates. In one instant the whole mystery of the handkerchiefs, and the watches, and the jewels, and the Jew rushes upon the boys mind. Fagin always teaches Oliver how to puss handkerchiefs, jewels, without oliver realizing what he is doing it for and now the boy understands that t hey are all robbers and they wanted to turn him into one as well.Seeing Dodger and Charlie rob the old man brought scald to such a realization as to stop himself into falling into their trap. Pip robs out of fear of a threatening felon but Oliver stops himself from committing such a crime using the clues around him Pip could have stopped himself from stealing from his home if he was smart enough. Similarities are found between Magwitch, a runaway convict, and Bill Sikes,a dangerous robber, as they do fairly identical actions with opposite outcomes. keep still, you little devil, or Ill cut your pharynx Magwitch is bullying Pip, an innocent child, by telling him that he will kill him if he does not do as the criminal instructs.Though traumatizing the child forever, Magwitch benefits Pip thought his childhood to sooth guilt brought about through his terrible actions. If you speak a word out odoors with me, except when I speak to you, that core will be your head without notice. Bil l Sikes forces young Oliver, a lone orphan, to help him with a major robbery, willing to shoot the child if he does not listen.Bill shoots Oliver and does not regret it one bit, acting as the perfect villain. Magwitch may have started out like Bill but he was exposed to be a good hearted man. In Dickenss novels it is presented how ones wrong doings does go unpunished. It was two years more before I saw Estella. I had heard her as leading a most unhappy life, as being separated from her husband, who had used her with much cruelty Estella, a cruel woman who breaks a young boys heart, lives her life suffering through a tragic marriage.Estella pays the price of her actions, feeling the pain that she gave the boy whos hart she broke when she was younger. There was nobody there ti speak to him but fell back to render him are visible to the tribe who were clinging to the bars. Fagin, the robber, influenced many children to believe that robbing for a living is justified, showing them his many methods of robbery from previous experience of his own. The man is forced to face his fate by perpetually rotting in. prison. Both Estella and Fagin pay for the price of their actions.

Sustainable Transportation Policy In Malaysia Environmental Sciences Essay

Climate Change, or spheric Warming, is one of the roughly serious environmental menaces of the twenty-first century. Harmonizing to NST article on Top 10 list Global Warming Cause, gondolabon dioxide emanations from firing gasolene for traverse responsible for approximately 33 % of emanations. With the population turning at an dismaying rate, the demand for more autos and consumer advantageouslys heart and soul that we argon increasing the usage of fossil terminates for move through and fabrication.The jobs of nursery gas emanations and urban air quality ar concentrating attending on sustainable conveying. on that point are umteen another(prenominal) definitions on sustainable expatriation. A sustainable transportation system dust as be by The Centre for Sustainable Transportation ( gilbert and Tanguay, 2000 ) is as followsAllows the basic entree and education demands of persons, companies and societies to be met safely and in a mode consistent with human and ec o governance, wellness, and promotes equity within and between successive coevalss.Is low-cost, operates reasonably and expeditiously, offers pick of conveyance of title manner, and have a bun in the ovens a competitory economic system, every billet good as balanced regional development.Limits emanations and waste within the planet s ability to absorb them, uses renewable resources at or below their rates of coevals, and uses non-renewable resources at or below the rates of development of renewable replacements musical composition minimising the impact on the usage of land and the coevals of disturbance.How can transit go more sustainable? Harmonizing to The Center for Sustainable Transportation system it is defined asWith regard to society, transit systems shouldMeet basic human demands for wellness, comfort, and convenience in ways that do non emphasize the societal cloth.Allow and support development at a human graduated table, and supply for a sensible pick of conveyance manners, types of lodging and community, and life manners.Produce no more noise than is acceptable by communities.Be safe for people and their belongings.With regard to the economic system, transit systems shouldProvide cost- expeditious service and capacity.Be financially low-cost in each coevals.Support vibrant, sustainable economic activity.With regard to the environment, transit systems shouldMake usage of land in a manner that has little or no impact on the unity of ecosystems.Use meagerly energy beginnings that are basically non renewable or un margined.Use other resources that are renewable or unlimited, achieved in portion through the reuse of points and the recycling of stuffs used in vehicles and substructure.Produce no more emanations and waste than can be accommodated by the planet s renewing ability.Harmonizing to the Center for Sustainable Transportaion besides, there are several barriers to the attainment of sustainable transit. Four of the most of import are theseMor e than for most other countries of human enterprise, decision-making aroundtransit by authoritiess, corporations, and persons has become locked into manners that reinforce the present unsustainable agreements and tendencies.There is a mentality that accomplishing sustainable transit is as well dearly-won, hard, and pass on endanger our quality of life and life style.Com transporttion of low-priced oil provides more than 99 per cent of the energy for motorised transit and creates many of the environmental jobs that result from transit. Harnessing renewable options will be a major challenge.Mechanisms for placing betterments in sustainable transit, and circulating ensuing success narratives, and good tendencies are unequal.The judge towards accomplishing sustainable conveyance includes technological betterments of autos and lorries, fuels and substructure. However, utilizing vehicles more expeditiously ( higher(prenominal) burden factor for lorries, and fewer individual tenancy pri vate vehicles ) would be a good belt down towards a smarter usage of conveyance.Walking and cycling are the greenest and most sustainable signifiers of conveyance. However, semi cosmos conveyance is a cardinal option but it is non having the precedence which it should be. Transport becomes sustainable merely when it does non harm the environment or uses fuel from renewable beginnings such as air current and solar. In footings of human mobility, this delegacy more usage of public conveyance ( including integrated mobility services ) , and non-motorised manners of conveyance like walking and cycling. For motion of goods, rail cargo is more fuel efficient than hauling.The public transit system in Klang valley includes coachs, commuter Light Rail Transit ( LRT ) , monorail, coachs and taxis. Public conveyance riders are merely every bit inconsiderate as the drivers. Lining up is a practically unk straight offn phenomenon is thwarting and clip consuming2.0 LITERATURE REVIEWWheneve r a auto is started, sitting idle or driving it is bring forthing emanations that are make fulling our ambiance. These emanations include nitrogen gas ( N2 ) , C dioxide ( CO2 ) , water supply vapor ( H2O ) , C monoxide ( CO ) , hydrocarbons or volatile organic compounds ( VOCs ) , and N oxides ( NO and NO2, together called NOx ) . Bryant et al. 2008. ascorbic acid dioxide represents about 80 per centum of the manmade nursery gases blamed for fickle heating. 15 % of the manmade C dioxide ( CO2 ) in the Earth s ambiance comes from autos, trucks, aeroplanes, trains, and ships. The staying 85 % of atmospheric CO2 comes from industry, edifices and agribusiness. Current tendencies show atmospheric CO2 niggardliness would duplicate by the terminal of the century ( Jan Fuglestvedt 2008 ) skeletal system 1 Projected concentration degrees presuming go oning concern as usual behavior ( Beginning University of medico )Harmonizing ESMAP, Traffic congestion can impact human wellness due to pollution with high degrees of particulate matters, hydrocarbons, lead and NOx. there are three chief beginnings of particulate air pollution vehicle fumes, re-suspended route dust, and solid fuels,The Federal Highway Administration has documented the degrees of these emanations andhow much of each compound is produced by autos ( see Figure 2 ) .Air PollutantProportion from On route Motor VehiclesNoteOxides of Nitrogen ( NOx )34 %precursor to grounda?level ozone ( smog ) , which amendss the respiratory system and injures workssVolatile Organic Compounds ( VOC )34 %precursor to grounda?level ozone ( smog ) , which amendss the respiratory system and injures workssCarbon Monoxide ( CO )51 %contributes to smog production toxicant in high concentrationsParticulate Matter ( PM10 )10 %does non include dust from paved and unpaved roads, which are the major beginning of particulate affair pollution ( 50 % of the sum )Carbon Dioxide ( CO2 )33 %thought to be primary subscriber to planetary h eatingFigure 2 Transportation Air caliber Selected Facts and Figures 2002. Sterba 2009Harmonizing to analyze on Hybrid Cars ( Michael et. al 2010 ) , their higher monetary value bends consumers off and makes the vehicles a less attractive economic investing. Energy efficient treating techniques choose to be develop before the advanced stuffs in loanblends can function add to their clean image. Widespread alteration to progress intercrossed engineerings is non a exe study a go at itable option in the close hereafter because of both cost and the limited sum of loanblends on the route today. Overall, loanblend engineering has a bay window of possible in the distant hereafter, but as for right now they are non a important betterment over today s inner burning engine.It was recorded that from twelvemonth 2005 to twelvemonth 2009 there were about 42 million vehicles register in Malaysia as shown in Figure 3.YearCar enrollmentPublic vehicleCommercial VehiclesEntireYear 20056,473,2611 365008051577,414,918Year 20066,941,9961420388365797,920,613Year 20077,419,6431470508712348,437,927Year 20087,966,5251545249092439,030,292Year 20098,506,0801623099362229,604,611Entire37,307,505742,4214,358,43542,408,361Figure 3 No of vehicles in Malaysia by typeTo cover with the terrible craft jobs in Malaysia particularly in Klang Valley the transit contrivers will pick out to attend to to solutions such as utilizing public conveyance and presenting more environmental genial vehicles.In the 10TH Malaysia Plan, a amount of RM2.8 billion is allocated for bettering urban public transit was chosen as one of six National Key Result Areas ( NKRAs ) , which are priority countries under the Government Transformation Programme. During the 10MP period, connectivity across different manners of public conveyance will be improved through the constitution of multi-modal transportation hubs for services within seat of governments, from suburban countries into metropoliss and for intercity tra vel.The Strategic Plan is a papers which determines the way of future day transit system in Malaysia. Harmonizing to The strategic Plan of The Ministry of Transport ( 2008 2015 ) , development of conveyance substructure a seamless, integrated, sustainable and competitory to run into the aspirations states is emphasised. atomic number 53 of the course of instruction objective is to guarantee that environmental non contaminated by the land conveyance, air andmaritime. TERAS 2 The scheme highlighted is to optimise new engineerings in conveyance by advancing the usage of environmentally friendly vehicles and supplying seamless transit system by bettering the park N drive installations at all Stationss of urban conveyance to run into the aim to beef up and supply world- sort out coordinated conveyance substructure. cat valium and Ride ( P & A R ) system are known as inducement parking system. This installations system consists of auto Parkss with connexions to public conveyance. Th e drug user will utilize public transit to go into metropolis and leave their forces vehicles in a auto park. P & A R system are by and large located in suburbs of metropolitan countries or on the outer borders of big metropoliss. Many states had utilizing this system such as unify Kingdom, United State, Japan and Singapore. Park and Ride was foremost initiated in the United Kingdom ( UK ) in the sixtiess and seventiess that enjoy most success in metropoliss historic in nature and rather little capacity of commanding that balance to their inhibiting urban construction. In a scope of scenes across the UK, nevertheless, some of which really different in size and nature to the earlier host Centres, Park and Ride has later emerged as a major constituent of local conveyance policies. In Malaysia, the authorities starts utilizing Park and Ride system such as Kuala Lumpur, around Klang Valley and Putrajaya Harmonizing to CASE STUDY ON AWARENESS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PARK AND RIDE AT PU TRAJAYA, MALAYSIA the consciousness degree for both Putrajaya citizens and visitants is non high plenty to make the grad of the Park and Ride system. This is because, about merely half of the people is utilizing the system while the remainder garbage to utilize the system and make non cognize to us the system. The understanding about the system pick up to be good explain to the both Putrajaya citizens and besides the visitants. Therefore, the user of Park and Ride may increase and many traffic jobs could cut down.Conference on Environmentally Sustainable Transport ( EST ) provide an illustration of how standards and marks can be linked to important environmental and wellness quality aims. These marks are long-run specific intermediate marks and mileposts should be set to concentrate action. The quantitative mark degrees below are non normative and could be adapted harmonizing to national, regional or local fortunes. What is indispensable for the EST attack, is that mark degrees a re set to accomplish environmental and wellness quality aims.Carbon dioxideClimate alteration is prevented by cut downing C dioxide emanations so that atmospheric concentrations of CO2are stabilised at or below their 1990 degrees. Consequently, entire emanations of CO2 from conveyance should non transcend 20 % to 50 % of such emanations in 1990 depending on specific national conditions.NoxDamage from ambient NO2and ozone degrees and N deposition is greatly rock-bottom by meeting WHO Air Quality Guidelines for human wellness and eco-toxicity. This implies that entire emanations of NOxfrom conveyance should non transcend 10 % of such emanations in 1990.VOCsDamage from carcinogenic VOCs and ozone is greatly reduced by meeting WHO Air Quality Guidelines for human wellness and ecosystem protection. Entire emanations of transport-related VOCs should non transcend 10 % of such emanations in 1990 ( less for highly toxic VOCs ) .2ParticulatesHarmful ambient air degrees are avoided by cut do wning emanations of all right particulates ( particularly those less than 10 micrometers in diameter ) . Depending on local and regional conditions, this may imply a decrease of 55 % to 99 % of all right particulate ( PM10 ) emanations from conveyance, compared with 1990 degrees.Landuse/LandtakeLand usage and substructure for the motion, care, and retention of conveyance vehicles is developed in such a manner that local and regional aims for air, H2O, eco-system and biodiversity protection are met. Compared to 1990 degrees, this will probably imply the Restoration and effusion of green infinites in built-up countries.NoiseNoise from conveyance no longer consequences in out-of-door noise degrees that present a wellness concern or serious nuisance. Depending on local and regional conditions, this may imply a decrease of conveyance noise to no more than a upper limit of 55 dubnium ( A ) during the twenty-four hours and 45 dubnium ( A ) at dark and out-of-doorss.Minister of Transport Malaysia in his address reference that The conveyance sector has now entered the new epoch of a more ambitious and requires a high committedness from all sides. It is now requires a manner of conveyance and more incorporate services and quality system. In add-on environmental facets should besides be given accent in the planning of all undertakings for the Ministry of guarantee sustainable development. ( gist from DATUK ONG TEE KEAT, Minister of Transport Malaysia )3.0 METHODOLOGYThis is Life Cycle Analysis academic composing which of necessity a batch of diaries and article readings, cyberspace surf and cognition. Some articles were from Ministry of Transport, 10th Malaysia Plan and Malayan Strategic Planning to guarantee that suggestion proposed relevant to the way of Malaysia development ( Dasar Pembangunan Negara ) . However, more elaborate surveies should be make to acquire thoughts that can lend to accomplishing the ends.4.0 DiscussionWhat are the holistic attack toward s ustainable transit policy in Malaysia? Several schemes can be developed such as1. Develop of national transit schemeTransportation system webs are an of import piece of the communications substructure of a state. We are wholly pendent on our transit webs to travel goods and people throughout the state. A national transit scheme such as highlighted in The Strategic Plan would assist Malaysia make a sustainable transit policy. More schemes must emphasis on green engineering.2. Enhance national public transit schemeIn order to cut down the figure of private autos on the route, the authorities must be after their short term and long term schemes for public transit. Peoples must be encouraged to take public conveyance for the motion of goods and people. Long term schemes need to be after on how people can travel about in the hereafter by utilizing public conveyance as a precedence and make the finish faster, convenient and comfy.The Malayan authorities has stated a end to hold 40 % of the population utilizing public transit in the hereafter. Unfortunately, at a interim we pee-pee limited picks for safe, convenient, dependable public transit. For illustration, we have a really limited train to go from North to South. Road accidents which involved express coach are frequently progress in the state.Therefore, labor force group which include expertness from relevant field must be formed. This group will come out with the national public transit schemes and besides to advice the stakeholders on how to accomplish the mission3. National public transit sectionPublic transit should non be run as a profitable concern. It must be look as a pick of transit that people can take. Minimum menu should be charge to the people. More subsidies must be given to this section. Peoples will certainly utilize public conveyance if it is convenient and comfy with the low menu.It is clip for the authorities to upgrade the public transit to the first category installations by turn uping more money in this department.Research and development unit must besides organize in this section. This unit will ever make inquiry on new engineerings to upgrade the transit systems or conveyance which environmental friendly like was done in Seoul as an Earth friendly transit metropolis.4. Expanded national railroad webRailway engineering is still the most efficient manner to travel goods and people. Successful rail webs in Europe, Japan, India, China, Taiwan, and shortly in Argentina, show us that the motion of riders by rail is faster, easier, and better than auto or air travel. Thankss to the English Channel Tunnel and the Eurostar High Speed Train, capital of the United Kingdom and Paris are now two hours apart by train. Trains travel more people, avoid congestion on the roads, usage less energy, and are distant more appealing than planes or autos.A state like Malaysia should hold a dependable railroad transit web for cargo every bit good as a fast rider railroad web linking all major metropoliss. High Speed rail connexions between Kuala Lumpur and neighbouring capital metropoliss must be explored. Therefore, the full double-tracking and electrification of all rail lines within Malaysia is necessary. In add-on, ternary trailing and the building of spare rail lines should be considered.5. Regional/local public transit authorizationAs we can see in the urban country, there is a more than one public transit company. for illustration in Klang vale, Rapid KL and thirty are the celebrated coach companies. It is suppose to be merely one authorization which responsible for the planning, ordinance and inadvertence of public transit. This local authorization has the tariff to command the coach systems so that it operates under an effectual an efficient system. This would extinguish un require and uneconomical competition and promote stableness and dependability in public transit.6. Additional, secure support for regional/local public transitPublic transit servi ce is of import substructure. It should non be operated like a concern. There should be no ground why a coach company should even seek to run a sustainable concern. All first public transit services do non do money. They in fact lose money, and their extra costs are borne by a combination of authorities financess, bonds, and extra investings.The high hat manner to construct stable, dependable public transit substructure is to fund it decently and fund it early on. This marrow capital investing and regular trading operations subsidies are necessary. No universe category transit bureau should even be trying to retrieve 50 % o more of their grosss from menus paid by riders. Alternatively, they should be having money from public and private investing.Presently the province authorities of Terengganu is be aftering the debut of Rapid Terengganu, a state-level coach service. While any bus service betterments are good intelligence, this intelligence is even better because it shows that t he province authorities is committed to bettering public transit through authorities regulated service.One little point, nevertheless. The name Rapid is overused, and possibly should be limited to large metropoliss merely. A state-level service should hold an appropriate name that reflects the service being offered, non a selling tool. I personally like Bas Negeri Terengganu and I think the acronym Bantu ( for Bas Negeri Terengganu ) would be a really appropriate as the word Bantu reflects the constructs of assisting and top uping each other.7. Expanded KTM Komuter ServiceWe have to gain that KTM Komuter has the lowest costs and greatest potency for enlargement among all manners of transit. An expanded KTM Komuter service ( that means, higher frequences, longer trains, faster trains, and more lines ) would promote people to utilize rapid transportation system. It merely costs excessively much to construct adequate LRT lines to do a difference in the transit substructure in the Klang Valley.KTM Komuter enlargement programs include new webs in the North and South, extensions from Sentul to Batu Caves, Rasa to Tanjung Malim, and Seremban to Senawang. A program is afoot to reconstruct more than a twelve damaged electric-multiple unit ( EMU ) trains, which would let higher frequence and more dependable service. The authorities must perpetrate to a animated enlargement of KTM Komuter service, intending more lines, adequate trains for five minute frequences, and dependable service.8. More urban mass-transit linesLRT and mass theodolite should be built in urban countries, sort of than suburban or cracker-barrel countries. The cost of building is increasing daily, and this is why the authorities should be perpetrating to construct lines in urban countries, non suburban or rural countries. There is no ground, for illustration, to construct an LRT from Kuala Lumpur to Klang, when Kuala Lumpur itself still needs at least four more LRT lines ( in add-on to t he new Kota Damansara-Cheras line ) .Urban countries need mass theodolite. Urban countries have huge Numberss of people and they have the population denseness to do mass-transit cost effectual. Suburban countries do non necessitate mass theodolite such as LRT lines. They truly need enhanced, frequent and dependable coach service to travel the huge Numberss of people spread out over a broad country.The planned Kota Damansara-Cheras LRT line will go through Kuala Lumpur. The Sentul-Batu Caves extension will alter transit in the northern countries of Kuala Lumpur. However, extra lines are needed in Kuala Lumpur to make the nucleus of a mass-transit web. The authorities should be constructing in urban countries, non the suburban countries. Extensions are for the hereafter. The nucleus of the mass-transit web demands to be built now.9. Promoting Park and RideThe authorities should implement the user of Park and Ridein urban country. But before that the quality of service of Park and Ride system demand to be improved where more frequent service of the coachs to bring the people from one point to another. Besides improve the service, other schemes to increase the figure of coach user is provide adequate information to the client. Kiosk and information Centre is suited to advise the information about Park and Ride system to the people. Selling and forwarding such as image advertisement, new occupant publicity and menu inducements may besides impact the figure of bus user.Malaysians seem to hold an emergency with LRT and a misinterpretation of traffic congestion. We besides think that traffic jobs can be solved with monolithic undertakings instead than simple solutions. I wo nt tire you with the at heart informations of why.LRT is a mass-transit, and it is dearly-won. As stated before, there is no possible manner to construct all of the LRT lines that are needed to make speedy, dependable, convenient public transit. This means that other rapid theodolite options mus t be explored. Alternate signifiers of rapid theodolite include rapid ropewaies, and coach rapid theodolite. Even simple things like traffic signal precedence, coach lanes, and traffic monitoring cameras will do a immense difference.Sadly, the bulk of people in Malaysia still cleaving to the belief that traffic visible radiations, reduced figure of lanes, and roundabouts contribute to traffic congestion. The truth is that traffic congestion is caused by holding excessively many autos on the route at the same clip. Fewer autos equal lower congestion.There is hope that the reaching of local public transit governments will do a large difference, spread pushover and heightening public transit. Extremist thoughts need to be implemented to cut down the figure of autos on the route. Bus lanes are merely a start but they are easy to implement. Bus Rapid Transit would be the following measure.A dependable Bus Rapid Transit service running on major roads like Jalan Puchong, Jalan Klang Lama , the Federal Highway, Jalan Ipoh, Jalan Kepong, and others, would besides assist. The authorities must denote a program to put in tram lines, non merely extra LRT lines.10. Decrease in accelerator pedal bonus and inducements to promote the usage of public transitPetrol subsidies may do the lives of some people easier, but economic sciences say that anytime you fixing the monetary value of an point below its natural monetary value, demand will increase and this will finally ensue in deficits of the merchandise. We have seen this happen in Malaysia with cooking oil, sugar, and Diesel fuel. Petrol and wheat may be the following points confronting deficits.The monetary value of gasoline in Malaysia is low ( compared to universe markets ) . Malaysians are driving more and demanding more gasoline. The supply is less and less dependable. Any instability is paid through revenue enhancements and authorities financess.Other states such as Indonesia ( 2005 ) and Myanmar ( 2007 ) have seen immense additions in the monetary value of fuel after the authorities could no longer afford the subsidies.One manner to cut down the demand for gasoline is to cut down the subsidy ( thereby raising the monetary value at the pumps ) and directing that money into enhanced public conveyance service. The authorities needs to accept that this determination, though unpopular at first, will be in the best involvements of the people.To do their point clear, the authorities should cut down the gasoline subsidy by an sum of RM0.08 per liter, which would take to an increased pump monetary value of RM2.00 per liter. An 8 sen addition in the monetary value of gasoline ( after the election, of class ) would be much easier to accept than a 60 sen hiking in 2 to 3 old ages clip. The authorities should apportion the financess saved towards bettering and heightening public transit.There are many simple things that the authorities can make to heighten public transit across the state, and these can be implemented rapidly. An expanded Touch N Go service, subsidies for coach operations, revenue enhancement inducements on the purchase of monthly theodolite base on ballss, and investing in support of public conveyance governments would do a immense difference for Malaysia.DrumheadThe proposals here are comparatively uninteresting and less glamourous than new LRT lines or monorails in every metropolis that asks for one. The fact is that public transit can be interesting and glamourous and inspiring. However, before that can all go on, there must be alterations in the attitude of the authorities and the people.It is good to believe that improved public transit is portion of the solution to traffic congestion in Malaysia. However, many people do non talk out and demand better public transit, and do non really intend to utilize the improved public transit.They are losing the point. We can merely hold inspiring, glamourous, interesting and effectual public transit if there are alteratio ns at the authorities degree. Once the authorities makes the necessary alterations, creates a national public transit scheme and a National Public Transportation Department, so we will eventually be on path to a great hereafter.a regular user of public conveyance, is profoundly concerned that authorities programs to promote the usage of public conveyance will finally neglect because of hapless planning and deficiency of support from the populace.5.0 DecisionGuaranting advancement towards sustainable development suppose to be a precedence of the Malayan authorities. Transport is a peculiarly ambitious sector. It is indispensable to modernistic life, but has many inauspicious effects on wellness and environment. Most transport tendencies are unsustainable. More attempt must be put on to develop public conveyance because survey found that utilizing public conveyance can minimise the environmental pollution and impact of wellness to homo.Although there is a batch of bad intelligence -A the good intelligence is it s non excessively late We can implement solutions, but we need to move fast and we need our authorities to take the lead.A