Oates

â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† Joyce Carol Oates’s Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? is an intriguing division of a girl’s story about growing up and an inauspicious fantasy. The hero in this story is Connie, a vain little youngster with a propensity for trashy dreams; while Arnold Friend is her adversary, a malicious power in all probability, the Pied Piper or the Devil. Their connection and foreshadowed minutes carry the story to its unavoidable appalling end. The character of Connie will be the first investigated. Connie is set up in the start of the story as a vain, shallow daydreamer. It’s these blemishes that realize her fall. In the main passage, her vanity is plainly shown: â€Å"†¦ extending her neck to look into mirrors or checking different people’s appearances to ensure her own was all right.† (p.60) She considers little else aside from thoughtless fantasies, which wind up hurting her later on: â€Å"†¦ dreaming about the young men she met.† (p.62) â€Å"Connie couldn’t do a thing, her brain was totally loaded up with trashy daydreams.† (p.60) Connie surrenders to her â€Å"trashy dreams† as the abhorrent substance that has come to remove her. She is allured by method of her vanity and mix-ups demise for a suggestive sentiment of a trashy kind; such a deadly appreciation for the shrewdness of Arnold Friend. Arnold Friend is a sexual swaggart camouflaged as a definitive trashy dream-James Dean: â€Å"†¦he had shaggy, decrepit dark hair†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p.63) â€Å"†¦tight blurred pants stuffed into dark scraped boots, a belt that pulled his abdomen in†¦ a white draw over shirt†¦ indeed, even his neck looked muscular†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p.65) He generalizations the perfect renegade that Connie would need. There are likewise hints that Arnold Friend’s genuine personality is that of the Pied Piper. Music and sounds are continually repeating in the story, alluring Connie each time into a fantasy where everything appears to be extraordinary: â€Å"†¦charm support... Oates Free Essays on Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been/Oates â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† Joyce Carol Oates’s Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? is an intriguing polarity of a girl’s story about growing up and a dismal fantasy. The hero in this story is Connie, a vain little youngster with a propensity for trashy dreams; while Arnold Friend is her opponent, a malevolent power doubtlessly, the Pied Piper or the Devil. Their association and foreshadowed minutes carry the story to its unavoidable shocking end. The character of Connie will be the first investigated. Connie is set up in the start of the story as a vain, shallow daydreamer. It’s these blemishes that realize her fall. In the principal passage, her vanity is plainly shown: â€Å"†¦ extending her neck to look into mirrors or checking different people’s appearances to ensure her own was all right.† (p.60) She considers little else aside from careless fantasies, which wind up hurting her later on: â€Å"†¦ dreaming about the young men she met.† (p.62) â€Å"Connie couldn’t do a thing, her psyche was totally loaded up with trashy daydreams.† (p.60) Connie capitulates to her â€Å"trashy dreams† as the shrewd element that has come to remove her. She is enticed by method of her vanity and errors demise for a sensual sentiment of a trashy kind; such a lethal fascination in the abhorrence of Arnold Friend. Arnold Friend is a sexual swaggart masked as a definitive trashy dream-James Dean: â€Å"†¦he had shaggy, ratty dark hair†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p.63) â€Å"†¦tight blurred pants stuffed into dark scraped boots, a belt that pulled his midsection in†¦ a white draw over shirt†¦ indeed, even his neck looked muscular†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p.65) He generalizations the perfect dissident that Connie would need. There are likewise pieces of information that Arnold Friend’s genuine personality is that of the Pied Piper. Music and sounds are continually repeating in the story, luring Connie each time into a fantasy where everything appears to be extraordinary: â€Å"†¦charm support...

Penis And Its Transparency Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s

Penis And It's Transparency This first section, a prelude, is tenacious on the way that the book is based on genuine occasions. Vonnegut, similar to our storyteller, is a veteran of World War II, a previous wartime captive, and an observer to an incredible slaughter, and that reality loans a certain position to what follows. Vonnegut imparts to us his persevering powerlessness to render recorded as a hard copy the repulsiveness of Dresden. There is nothing shrewd to state about a slaughter, yet he wants to state something. The book audaciously outlines the writer's battle to figure out how to expound on what he found such that neither puts down nor commends it. This battle we keep in the rear of our psyches as we continue to peruse of Billy Pilgrim's life. The creator likewise irreversibly makes himself as a character in the story. It is Kurt Vonnegut, the essayist, the previous POW, who discusses the multiple occasions he has attempted and neglected to compose this book. It is Kurt Vonnegut who expresses the first So it goes in the wake of relating that the mother of his cabbie during his visit to Dresden in 1967 was burned in the Dresden assault. So it goes is rehashed after each report of each passing. It becomes a mantra of abdication, of acknowledgment, of an especially Tralfamadorian theory (something we will be acquainted with later). But since the expression is first expressed by Vonnegut composing as Vonnegut, each So it goes appears to come straightforwardly from the creator and from the world outside the fiction of the content. Section One likewise indicates that time will be a significant piece of the fiction to follow. The creator was going near and around aimlessly attempting to make a straight story. He had a feeling that he was stuck inside a kids' tune that proceeded uncertainly, its last line maddeningly filling in as likewise as its first. Just when he starts to consider static time, about returning interminably to the occasions of one's life, about minutes existing forever in no specific request, is he ready to get through twenty years of dissatisfaction and compose Slaughterhouse Five.

Persuasive Essay Help - How to Use a Team of Writers to Get Good Results

Persuasive Essay Help - How to Use a Team of Writers to Get Good ResultsThe truth about persuasive essay help is that you can hire a team of people to write your essay, or even a private tutor, but you still have to do the work. If you aren't doing the work on your own, you will never get anywhere.Writing essays is work. A lot of people see essays as some kind of pass time where you can just sit down and relax while someone else does all the hard work. In order to succeed in the essay writing realm, you need to put in the time.The key to succeeding is to take pride in your writing. And you can do this by being self-motivated. When you become self-motivated, you are likely to keep at it. You will work hard.You need to research your topic before you start writing your essay. You will not be able to do any writing without having some kind of base knowledge about the subject.So you need to improve your reading skills, and your writing skills will come easier. You want to focus on being a good writer, but you also want to give your readers the information they need to make up their minds. This is the basis of persuasive essay help.You don't have to have a great deal of writing experience. In fact, you can learn as you go and have success writing as you go. You will have a much easier time once you are writing your own materials.Your ultimate goal is to have something that will stand out from the rest. It should be unique, so that you will get an opportunity to persuade your readers, and that is exactly what persuasive essay help can do for you.Take the time to find yourself a team of writers who can get you some persuasive essay help. You can benefit from learning from others and will eventually be writing better essays for yourself.

The Importance Of Parental Involvement On Childhood Obesity

Importance of Parental Involvement in Preventing Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is directly linked with a child’s nutritional intake and the amount of their physical activity. In the current literature, the researchers has analyzed and studied how parental influence affect their children in the development of childhood obesity as well as, in its prevention. Effective interventions such as promoting healthy eating and physical activity are habits that can develop at home. Parents are the first liner in prevention of childhood obesity. The researchers Ana Lindsay, Katrina Sussner, Juhee Kim, and Steven Gortmaker (2006) has argued, that parents should be involved and considered to be the primary source in determining their†¦show more content†¦During their child’s toddler years, parents need to expose them to healthy foods including fruits and vegetables to their children. They also need to focus on outdoor activities for their toddlers. Physical activi ty is more important at this age to burn off extra calories. It is important for the parents to keep in mind that, at this age the children develop the habit of healthy eating and physical activity. According to national data for school-aged children and youth, 16 percent of children aged six to nineteen years are overweight. During this developmental stage, children focus more on school, peers and different media. At this stage, they also start to fall out of their parent’s reach. Parents should continue providing healthy home foods and encourage their children to have family meals eaten together (Lindsay, A.C. et. al., 2006). Several studies indicated that consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks play a major role in childhood obesity during adolescence. Parents can control that by maintaining a soda-free home. Creating healthy environment at home by providing healthy food habits and practice physical activities is the primary responsibility of the parents. They need to have the access of getting knowledge for healthy food selection, home eating practices and importance of physical activities. The authors also pointed out that the researchers, policymakers and practitioners should develop effective interventions and

Preventing Global Warming Essay - 1219 Words

Global Warming Global warming is a grave issue that is affecting not only the United States, but the whole world as well. Various international strategies need to be implemented so that these issues can be tackled. If taken seriously, the issue of global warming can not only be overcome, it can be prevented as well. Global warming is an event that will affect many people and animals all over the world. Humans will be affected the most due to global warming because of things like temperature increase. Many people believe that global warming began since the industrial revolution during the 18th century. During this time heat-trapping gases began to load in the atmosphere, gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. Global warming will†¦show more content†¦Insulate homes, clean air conditioning filters and install energy efficient showerheads. Also, install a solar heated system to provide hot water. This will protect the environment a lot. Recycle every homes waste newsprint, cardboard, glass and metal, then replace current washing machines with a low-energy, low-water-use machines as it can save power and water. Buy food and other products with reusable or recyclable packaging instead of those in non-recyclable packaging. Replace every homes refrigerator with a high-efficiency model. Use a n electric or push mower instead of a gasoline-powered mower to cut lawns. Plant native, drought-resistant trees and shrubs around your home and install an outdoor air conditioning unit. If all these methods are used, then global warming will eventually cease to exist. When it comes to election time, the United States always brings the topic of global warming into the discussion. Although it is widely discussed by the candidates, after the politician is elected, it seems as if the issue disappears into thin air. The candidate preaches he will do this and he will do that, but in the end, nothing is seemingly done. Global warming is a serious issue that needs to be dealt with, not just talked about. Governments should increasingly look towards wind power and other renewable energy sources to combat increasing greenhouse gases and global warming. If every country cut about a quarterShow MoreRelatedEssay about Preventing Global Warming3042 Words   |  13 PagesPreventing Global Warming The Earth is a dynamic, constantly changing environment in which the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere all interact. When one changes slightly the change is then felt through out the spheres. Humans need to understand that the change they cause can have a potential for a disastrous affect on the environment. From injecting the atmosphere with greenhouse gas, or deforestation, all the unnatural things done to the environment will have an unnatural affect thatRead More Solutions to preventing the spread of global warming and its affects1632 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The American flag has gone through changes over time; those changes have made an impact on our country and made it what it is today.† Our earth is like the American flag, it is constantly changing, and one issue that affects our earth is global warming. We now live in an industrialized world which is filled with many new technologies that provide goods and services to us, provide us with energy and electric ity and transportation. These new technological advances have made our lives much easier toRead MoreGlobal Warming Is Caused By Emission Of Greenhouse Gases Essay1358 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is caused by emission of greenhouse gases. 72% of the totally emitted greenhouse gases Is carbon dioxide. CO2 is inevitably created by burning of fuels like e.g. Oil, diesel, petrol etc. The use of such fuels can be minimized by using alternative fuels which do not contain carbon or contain less carbon. The alternative fuels such as ethanol produced from renewable lignocellulosic resources or fuels produced from seawater. Research on improving ethanol production is accelerating forRead MoreEssay on Global Warming is Causing Climate Change535 Words   |  3 PagesGlobal warming is the increase in the earth’s atmospheric temperature. Naturally occurring gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and water vapor trap heat from the sun, preventing it from leavin g the atmosphere. These naturally occurring gases along with human made hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs), per fluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) are collectively known as greenhouse gases. This essay will explain why global warming is fast becoming a cause for concern and whyRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change992 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal Warming What is Global warming? Global warming is the increased heating of Earth s surface, oceans and atmosphere; generally associated to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants. Global warming is a highly controversial and debated topic. Global warming has become a threat to everyone and everything on Earth. Can we do anything to slow it down? Can we reverse the damage we ve created? We live our lives only thinkingRead More Pollution Essay: Don’t Blame Me for Global Warming1033 Words   |  5 Pagesspoke of the horrendous situations stemming from global warming. This makes no sense; with the facts and information that we have received over the years they still support this preposterous idea. Humans do nothing to contribute to global warming; the irregular climate events are just natural occurrences. These occurrences are no stranger to our history either. (â€Å"Global Warm Up†)(â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth†) The most recent case of significant warming was between the years 1850 and 1940. Most scientistsRead MoreMisconstrued Time in Ferdi Riskiyanto ´s Advertisment842 Words   |  3 Pagesoccurs. In an advertisement by Ferdi Rizkiyanto, a digital artist, an hourglass is used to represent time before the fate of humans concludes due to global warming. Within the hourglass, sand has been replaced by the water of melting icebergs, and the droplets trickle into the lower level containing the homes of modern day society. The global warming hourglass ad attempts to emphasize the importance of immediately solving earth’s impending environmental problems by appealing to the emotions of fearRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Product Of Green House Effect1437 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is the most talked topic in our time. It is the increasing temperature of Earth’s surface, oceans and atmosphere. There is an evidence that shows earth temperature increased by 1.4% since late 18 00s, which sounds small number but scientist predicted the temperature will rise another 2 to 11.5 degrees F over next 100 years. Global warming is a product of green house effect. Question is, what is greenhouse effect? In common word, the interaction between Earth’s atmosphereRead MoreChanging Perspective From Global Warming1554 Words   |  7 PagesChanging Perspective from Global Warming to Climate Change Global warming is one of the biggest problems facing the world today. Global warming is the rise in the earth’s mean surface temperature. This is due to increase of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, which affects life forms on the earth’s surface. The scientific consensus as summarized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is that the global average surface temperature has risen over the last century. ManyRead MoreEssay The Beginning of Global Warming 1288 Words   |  6 PagesOne may believe Global Warming is tedious and a myth and show no concern for the environment surrounding them. The reason for choosing this topic of Global Warning is because Global Warming is a reality that the world must recognize. People must understand the many changes occurring on earth as well as the people all over the world have prevented global warming. The earth has many changes that have occurred in the past and further events waiting to occurring in the future. There are many facts to

Animal Cruelty leads to Human Essay Example For Students

Animal Cruelty leads to Human Essay Animal cruelty encompasses a range of different behaviors harmful to animals, from neglect to malicious, brutal killings. Studies show that animal cruelty may lead to more serious forms of crime, like heavy drug use, violent outbursts, and most common, cold blooded murder. Many studies in psychology, sociology, and criminology during the last twenty-five years have demonstrated that violent offenders frequently have childhood and adolescent histories of serious and repeated animal cruelty. A web page that goes by the name Animal Alliance says most cruelty investigated by humane officers, is unintentional neglect, and can be resolved through education. (3) I was slightly shocked when I saw this comment. Anyone who puts an animals life in their hands, has a responsibility to it. You dont just forget to feed him/her, or forget to show them love unless it is intentional, it get so much worse, though. These people arent just forgetting to feed their pets, or give them attention, theyre kicking and beating them, poisoning and butchering these poor creatures, and what makes me sick to my stomach, is that some of these people do it for fun!! I recently ran across a link to a web page that contained a online petition to put a cats killers to justice with maximum sentence. This is the article I found on this brutal torture of an innocent creature. ***WARNING*** (graphic details) On October 10, 1999, a beautiful female cat came willingly to the four boys who stopped on the side of the road and called to her. Her trust was rewarded by unthinkable terror and cruelty being used as a tug-of-war toy until the boys heard something pop, having her legs broken, being jumped up and down on like a trampoline. Even when her pitiful battered body was mercifully dead, her suffering was not at an end. The boys then placed her ravaged body under the wheel of their car, braking over her, as they drove off to find other amusement. Once the Chesapeake Animal Control conducted their investigation and performed a necropsy, criminal charges were filed against 3 of the 4 boys involved. If these charges are found to be accurate, these boys are not only in violation of the laws of the State of Virginia, but are also in need of immediate psychiatric intervention. (1)*** Another horrific article I ran across was even worse. It was about a dog who to was also a victim of rancid brutality. Here is that story. ***WARNING*** (graphic details) Jose, Marcus, Richard and Lance are accused of obtaining a video camera, pressing the record button, luring Scruffy from his home, and then torturing and killing him in an unspeakably monstrous act of cruelty. In the videotape that the police and media have in their possession, four men are shown torturing and killing Scruffy in lurid detail. The quality of the tape is very good, and the police have been able to obtain photographs of the men in the tape. In this tape, one of the four men is shown to elevate Scruffy off the ground by the neck, and then begin this horrific abuse by choking him. This 6 pound little dog did not have a fighting chance against these men. Scruffy, still alive, was then placed in a trash bag. The four men shown in the tape then doused the trash bag with what appeared in the video to be lamp oil, took a cigarette lighter, and set Scruffy on fire. Scruffy, at this point in the video, began to run wildly in pain and agony around the trees while the four men watched and laughed. When the flames finally went out, Scruffy was still alive, but his torture was not over. Next, the men decided to try to decapitate Scruffy with a shovel. After slamming the shovel into Scruffys neck and not being able to attain their goal, they realized that Scruffy was more of a fighter than they had expected. .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4 , .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4 .postImageUrl , .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4 , .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4:hover , .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4:visited , .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4:active { border:0!important; } .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4:active , .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4 .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b69f24689fe637d0d939a830aa4daa4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Flight Of The Phoenix Essay The men then opened Scruffys mouth and began to pull his jaws apart, as if trying to rip his face in two. Using the shovel in place of a club, the men then beat Scruffy until his tiny body gave out, and he died. Throughout the videotape the four men are all shown laughing and having a good time as they are carrying out these unspeakable tortures. (1) *** After I read these stories I was disgusted, revolted, down right sickened by the realization that these men needed

Colorado River Pollution Essay Example

Colorado River Pollution Paper River supplies water to most of the southwestern United States and despite this fact, pollution levels are continually rising and in some cases above acceptable limits. The Colorado River supplies and runs through five states and during some parts of the year to the Mexican border. During the rivers journey various types of pollutants come into contact to with it degrading the water quality downstream. The river water benefits humans in multiple ways the first obvious answer is by drinking it. Farming and other agricultural uses demand 60% and sometimes as much as 90% of its water. Using polluted water for irrigation passes the contaminants into the crops and ultimately onto our dinner tables. Water is scarce in the southwestern United States and water is essential for human survival. The Colorado River is the primary reason why the southwest can sustain the massive population in the region. Without this lifeline? of freshwater, we must find another means of supplying water to millions. Desalinating the water from the Pacific Ocean is not yet cost effective enough to handle the demand although about 8% to 10% of the water applied to Southern California comes from desalination plants. Every year the government allocates more water from the Colorado River that is unrelated to human survival. According to an article in the San Diego Union Tribune Oil and natural-gas drilling in Colorado requires so much water that if its annual demand were satisfied all at once, it would be the equivalent of shutting off most of Southern Californians water for five days. (Hastener, 2008). During his term, President Bush authorized more drilling in Colorado than at any time since 1984. With these types of policies taking hold f the river one must ask the question, what is more important energy or life? We will write a custom essay sample on Colorado River Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Colorado River Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Colorado River Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The construction of the various dams along the Lower Colorado River system allowed small boomtowns to thrive along the banks of the now tamed river. Small towns and industrial facilities built close to river to take advantage of a good supply of water, and some used the rivers current to carry away pollutants. Of the many pollutants the river absorbs three are worth noting they are nitrates, percolate, and radioactive waste. Nitrates come from excessive human waste; this waste encounters the river wrought the ground when septic tanks become overloaded. Lake Haves, AZ, is the lake that supplies water for the California Aqueduct; moon tutoring wells routinely test for nitrates and other pollutants. High concentrations of nitrates in drinking water can decrease the oxygen carrying ability of hemoglobin. This intensity of this effect increases in babies; the common term is blue-baby syndrome. The nitrate levels found in the Lake Haves wells are four times higher the recommended EPA levels. Small town development cannot shoulder the blame for percolate pollution, as it is a chemical found in rocket fuel. However, lax industrial standards in a small budding town might be the cause for this pollution issue. A factory in Henderson, NV, in the suburbs of Alas Vegas, manufactures rocket fuel for the military. The company that operates the rocket fuel plant has already spent over 80 million dollars to reduce the amount of percolate flowing in Lake Mead. Despite these efforts approximately 400 pounds of percolate flows into the lake daily. The EPA or FDA has yet to identify acceptable levels of percolate, but the chemical has shown to cause thyroid and hormonal deficiencies. The next type of pollution is by far the most dangerous, radioactive Waste at any concentration is dangerous. In Mob, UT, along the Colorado River is a former uranium mill; 16 million tons of tailings from this mill have accumulated along the riverbanks. These tailings leach over 1 00,000 gallons of radioactive water into the river each day. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) water containing uranium is usually safe to drink but in elevated amounts can cause kidney defects and some types of cancer. In 2005, the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADAGE) formed he Clean Colorado River Alliance (The Alliance) under a recommendation from then Governor Janet Neapolitan. The Alliances first task was to develop recommendations for dealing with current water problems in the Colorado River. Next, address the water quality of the river for human sustainability now and into the future. Lastly develop an action plan for dealing with the pollution issues of the river; The Alliance delivered the final report to Governor Neapolitan in December 2005. The preliminary report outlined a partnership plan modeled after the Chesapeake Bay Program. Although major differences exist between the Colorado River cleanup project and the Chesapeake Bay reclaim project, the fundamental principles of a successful program are similar. The final report delivered to Governor Neapolitan is a detailed look into the major pollutants contained in the river system. The Alliance detail seven pollutants devoting a chapter to each one, including an action plan for dealing with the pollutant individually. The six pollutants covered are nutrients, metals, endocrine disrupting compounds, percolate, bacteria and pathogens, salinity/total solved solids, and sediments and suspended solids. The Alliances report gives a comprehensive action plan for reducing the amount of pollution in and river and improving overall water quality. The well- written report effectively follows the key lessons learned from the Chesapeake Bay Program. However, there is an overabundance of managing entities, too many hands in the pot extends deadlines effectively stalling any effort for actual physical cleanup. Eliminating certain entities from the mix would streamline the process of achieving a noticeable improvement in river water quality. Determining which entity to remove from the deciding process could be interesting the federal agencies carry more weight but the local agencies are at the frontline of the problem. The following sustained plan takes aim at Colorado River pollution from the source. Target main sources of pollution and develop strategies for elimination. Reduce the amount of water allocations for purposes not related to human survival. Increasing the amount of Water flowing through the river will decrease the concentrations of contaminants in the river. Lastly educate municipalities about the type of contaminants to look for and educate industrial facilities on how to dispose of polluting materials properly. Action Items Action Steps I Timeline I Target pollution at the source I Using the report from the Clean Colorado River Alliance to determine where the highest concentrations of pollution encounter the river. Eliminating the source will at least result in a substantial decrease in pollution. I Months 0-6 | Review Water Allocations I Identify and prioritize water allocations in order of human importance. Impose stop work penalties on industrial facilities that do not meet the predetermined incineration levels. I Months 6-14 Educational Educate the various state and local governments about what type of contaminants to look for and best practices for removing the pollution. Teach management of local water facilities how to interpret findings from well test reports. Educate industry professionals about how to dispose of hazardous or potentially hazardous materials that affect water quality properly. I Month 14-ongoing I The benefits of this plan are that it takes a proactive approach to pollution reduction. We know where pollutants come from but most other sustained Lana attempt to clean already polluted water. This plan targets pollution where it first encounters the river instead of attempting to deal with the aftermath. The amount of water the Colorado River can generate is limited; sending water to where it is needed the most is common sense. This plan proposes not monetary penalties but stop work penalties, when the economy is strong companies are able to pay fines for over pollution and continue degrading the downstream water quality. Eliminating fines leaves no other alternative but to change destructive work practices that pertain to the river. Education is the key for any issue, and this issue is no exception. Educating local water municipalities will ensure water quality standards set forth by the EPA are met consistently. This plan also contains numerous challenges, since this river flows though multiple states and affects numerous industries it undoubtedly meet resistance. Targeted polluters would have to change current business practices to eliminate pollution; often a substantial cost would be involved. Some companies simply do not have the capital for such change and risk going out of business. Water allocations are determined at the federal level wrought congress, so getting changes in allocations would take costly lobbying and extended legislation. However, one alternative could be to lobby the President to declare the river endangered. Although education is the key, everyone learns different and developing a curriculum that appeals to everyone is difficult and costly. Society has an obligation to itself to preserve life; with water, a necessity for life the decision to support any type of water sustained plan is eliminated. The people included in any American society all have the ability to use their voices for change. Elected officials in the federal government hear their voices that in turn develop new laws and regulations. To make any type of sustained plan a successful endeavor requires support from the federal government. The government either controls or at least heavily influences most of the affairs concerning the Colorado River. The fed can only introduce and put new laws into effect the local and state authorities must enforce the laws and regulations. Americanizes. Org named the Colorado River Americas most endangered river.

Nature Versus Nurture

Nature Versus Nurture You got your green eyes from your mother and your freckles from your father- but where did you get your thrill-seeking personality and talent for singing? Did you learn these things from your parents or was it predetermined by your genes? While its clear that physical characteristics are hereditary, the genetic waters get a bit murkier when it comes to an individuals behavior, intelligence, and personality. Ultimately, the old argument of nature versus nurture has never really had a clear winner. While we dont really know how much of our personality is determined by our DNA and how much by our life experience, we do know that both play a part. The Nature vs. Nurture Debate The use of the terms nature and nurture as convenient catch-phrases for the roles of heredity and environment in human development can be traced back to 13th-century France. In simplest terms, some scientists believe people behave as they do according to genetic predispositions or even animal instincts, which is known as the nature theory of human behavior, while others believe people think and behave in certain ways because they are taught to do so. This is known as the nurture theory of human behavior. Fast-growing understanding of the human genome has made it clear that both sides of the debate have merit. Nature endows us with inborn abilities and traits. Nurture takes these genetic tendencies and molds them as we learn and mature. End of story, right? Nope. The nature vs. nurture argument rages on as scientists debate how much of who we are is shaped by genetic factors and how much is a result of environmental factors. The Nature Theory: Heredity Scientists have known for years that traits such as eye color and hair color are determined by specific genes encoded in each human cell. The nature theory takes things a step further by suggesting that abstract traits such as intelligence, personality, aggression, and sexual orientation can also be encoded in an individuals DNA. The search for behavioral genes is the source of constant dispute as some fear that genetic arguments will be used to excuse criminal acts or justify antisocial behavior. Perhaps the most controversial topic up for debate is whether or not theres such a thing as a gay gene. Some argue that if such genetic coding does indeed exist, that would mean genes play at least some role in our sexual orientation. In an April 1998 LIFE magazine article titled, Were You Born That Way? author George Howe Colt claimed that new studies show its mostly in your genes. However, the issue was far from settled. Critics pointed out that the studies on which the author and like-minded theorists based their findings used insufficient data and too narrow a definition of same-sex orientation. Later research, based on a more conclusive study of a broader population sample reached different conclusions, including a 2018 groundbreaking study (the largest of its kind do date) co-conducted by the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Harvard Medical School in Boston that looked at the possible links of DNA and homosexual behavior. This study determined that there were four genetic variables located on chromosomes seven, 11, 12, and 15, that do seem to have some correlation in same-sex attraction (two of these factors are specific only to males). However, in an October 2018 interview with Science, the study’s chief author, Andrea Ganna, denied the existence of a â€Å"gay gene† per se, explaining: â€Å"Rather, ‘nonheterosexuality’ is in part influenced by many tiny genetic effects.† Ganna went to say that researchers had yet to establish the correlation between the variants they’d identified and actual genes. â€Å"It’s an intriguing signal. We know almost nothing about the genetics of sexual behavior, so anywhere is a good place to start,† he admitted, however, the final takeaway was that the four genetic variants could not be relied on as predictors of sexual orientation. The Nurture Theory: Environment While not totally discounting that genetic tendency may exist, supporters of the nurture theory conclude that, ultimately, they dont matter. They believe our behavioral traits are defined solely by the environmental factors that affect our upbringing. Studies on infant and child temperament have revealed the most compelling arguments for the nurture theory. American psychologist John Watson, a strong proponent of environmental learning, demonstrated that the acquisition of a phobia could be explained by classical conditioning. While at Johns Hopkins University, Watson conducted a series of experiments on a nine-month-old orphaned infant named Albert. Using methods similar to those employed by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov with dogs, Watson conditioned the baby to make certain associations based on paired stimuli. Every time the child was given a certain object, it was accompanied by a loud, frightening noise. Eventually, the child learned to associate the object with fear, whether the noise was present or not. The results of Watsons study were published in the February 1920 edition of the Journal of Experimental Psychology. Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and Ill guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select ... regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations and race of his ancestors. Harvard psychologist B. F. Skinners early experiments produced pigeons that could dance, do figure-eights, and play tennis. Today Skinner is known as the father of behavioral science. Skinner eventually went on to prove that human behavior could be conditioned in much the same way as animals. Nature vs. Nurture in Twins If genetics didnt play a part in the development of our personalities, then it follows that fraternal twins reared under the same conditions would be alike regardless of differences in their genes. Studies show, however, that while fraternal twins do more closely resemble one another than non-twin siblings, they also exhibit striking similarities when reared apart from the twin sibling, much in the same way that identical twins raised separately often grow up with many (but not all) similar personality traits. If the environment doesnt play a part in determining an individuals traits and behaviors, then identical twins should, theoretically, be the same in all respects, even if reared separately. However, while studies show that identical twins are never exactly alike, they are remarkably similar in most respects. That said, in Happy Families: A Twin Study of Humour, a 2000 study published by faculty at the Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit at St. Thomas Hospital in London, researchers concluded that a sense of humor is a learned trait influenced by family and cultural environment, rather than any genetic predetermination. Its Not Versus, Its And So, is the way we behave ingrained before were born, or does it develop over time in response to our experiences? Researchers on both sides of the nature versus nurture debate agree that the link between a gene and behavior is not the same as cause and effect. While a gene may increase the likelihood that youll behave in a particular way, it does not ultimately predetermine behavior. So, rather than being a case of either/or, its likely that whatever personality we develop is due to a combination of both nature and nurture. Sources Price, Michael. Giant Study Links DNA Variants to Same-Sex Behavior. Science. October 20, 2018

A past future city vision, explaning what the main ideas were and Essay

A past future city vision, explaning what the main ideas were and commenting on the possible sucess it may or may not have had as a sustainable - Essay Example d and therefore it is not surprising that a common theme in the visions of future is addressing the challenges of growth and development of cities, without endangering the surrounding environment and employing sustainable natural resources. Built into these visions were attempts to address the issues of production of resources, its consumptions, and the threat of rising sea levels due to global warming (Ng, 2008). The vision for Washington D.C. includes the use of the military forts surrounding the city that defended it in the past to bring life to the city in the future. Sinuous towers are envisaged on these forts to enable harvesting of wind, solar energy and rainwater and the production of food through the use of hydrophonic farms. Food supply will be further augmented through communal farming on the greenway that will be created in the present avenues of the city (Ng, 2008). Addressing transportation requirements in a unique way is seen in the vision for San Francisco, based on the use of Hydro-net consisting of walls made of carbon nanotubes. The underground Hydro-net is a network that transports individuals, vehicles, water and energy in the city. The Hydro-net also acts as a resource production system with hydrogen-producing algae farms, fog catchers to collect air moisture, and water extractors to collect fresh water from an aquifer below the city (Ng, 2008). For Atlanta the vision includes the reintroduction of treated water from the old sewage system around the ground to produce a natural waterway that flows through city. The surrounding forests would be allowed to creep into the city reducing the city grid and creating new hybrid environments. The idea here is to restore the natural systems to offset the burden of the man-made infrastructure of the city (Ng, 2008). While such a competition may result in what may appear as far fetched solutions for the development, they do provide ideas and solutions for the man made problems in the cities. An example

The strategic life of Howard Hughes Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The strategic life of Howard Hughes - Case Study Example vidual who was ready to risk his equity on creativity and innovations and had noticeable efforts and skills of creating and experimenting new ideas (Frehner & Waldron, 2004). The life of Howard Hughes signifies systematic methods put into use to achieve his personal plans and success. He is a well-known individual who could utilize the available specific resources to achieve short-term goals aiming at a defined mission. In addition, this individual used a unique tactic for accountability in any action taken either by himself or on his behalf. Howard had unsatisfied thirst for knowledge. He utilized hands-on tactic as a management style to inspire and motivate his team (Higham, 2011). The vast tendency to differentiate personal and business life despite common hardships was also another reason behind Howard’s success. He remained devoted and focused on short-term goal achievement with a tactful mission for a long-term goal. Howards personal strategies comprise of several activities utilized to give a competitive advantage in innovation and entrepreneurship. To strengthen his financial stability and competitiveness, Howard Hughes was good in overcoming his weakness and capitalizing on his strengths. In his life as an entrepreneur and a successful businessperson, Howard never compromised on his goals. It is worth noting that as an entrepreneur and individual should understand all the stages and goals needed for success. His life full of struggles proves that never distracted him from achieving personal dreams. Staying focused to the set goals is one of the vital strategies for business performers (Frehner & Waldron, 2004). The strategy of obtaining the best employees is one of Howard’s secrets behind his success. He employed people whom he could trust and have a great treasure in them. The secret behind being hands on is a strategy used by Howard. He was greatly admired by his workers as a perfect team leader who had step-by-step involvement in his projects.

Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal Essay Example for Free

Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal Essay In solving the problems of the Great Depression, the New Deal had clear successes but also major failures. Although there were clear failures in relief and reform, the success of unemployment relief and the reform of banking, labor laws, and the standard of living partially solved problems of the Great Depression. The failures that occurred within the New Deal were early policies that attempted to relieve unemployment and reform labor laws. One of the policies enacted by the Emergency Congress in order to relieve unemployment and foreclosures of farms was the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA). This agency was to establish parity prices for basic commodities. The AAA planned to eliminate price-depressing surpluses of farm goods by paying farmers to reduce what they grew. These payments would come from raised taxes. However, this agency got off to a terrible start and never really recovered. Farmers, food processors, consumers, and tax-payers were all extremely unhappy. The AAA actually increased unemployment while other agencies of the New Deal were striving to decrease it. The failed agency of the AAA was finally killed by the Supreme Court in 1936 by declaring its taxation provisions unconstitutional. In addition to the failure of the AAA, the National Recovery Administration also failed. This agency was extremely complex and strived to assist industry, labor, and the unemployed. It attempted to both relieve and reform the problems of the Great Depression. Individual industries were to reduce hours of labor in order to allow employment to be spread to more people. A limit was put on the maximum hours of labor and a minimum was placed on wages. Workers were guaranteed the right to organize, the yellow-dog contracts were forbidden, and restrictions were placed on child labor. Although this agency had early success, it quickly collapsed in 1935. The agency gained many critics and business people publicly displayed the blue bird, which symbolized the NRA, but secretly violated the codes. The Supreme Court then unanimously held that Congress could not delegate legislative powers to the executive and declared that congressional control of interstate commerce could not apply to a local business. This finally  shot down the dying eagle. Although the intentions were to solve the problems of the Great Depression, the AAA made unemployment worse and the NRA flat out f ailed. In contrast to the failures of early New Deal policies, there was some success in unemployment relief. The same action of Congress that created the NRA also created the Public Works Administration which was also intended for industrial recovery and unemployment relief. Under this agency, $4 billion was spent on thirty-four thousand projects in infrastructure. It resulted in the spectacular achievement of the Grand Coulee Dam which provided irrigation for millions of acres of new farmland. It also created a surplus of electrical power, something that would be beneficial during World War II. The thousands of projects created by this agency and the creation of the Grand Coulee Dam show the success of this agency to employ numerous workers for the benefit of the country. The New Deal also had success in unemployment insurance through enactment of the Social Security Act in 1935. The measure provided for federal-state unemployment insurance and specified categories of retired workers were to receive regular payments from Washington. Provisions were also created for the blind, handicapped, delinquent children, and other dependents. Although many were excluded from Social Security, it showed the governments’ recognition that it has a responsibility for the welfare and relief of its citizens. The New Deal additionally had success in reform, specifically banking reform. President Roosevelt’s first action to attack the problems of the Great Depression was to restore confidence in the nation’s banks. The creation of the Emergency Banking Relief Bill placed poorly managed banks under the control of the Treasury Department and granted government licenses to those who were successful. The following week, millions of Americans re-deposited their savings, allowing banks to contribute to the country’s economic recovery. The government then later passed the Banking Act of 1933 which created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to guarantee bank deposits. Roosevelt also instituted a number of inflationary measures in order to raise prices. Roosevelt’s immediate actions to reform the banking system of the United States were extremely successful and restored American  confidence in the banks. Confidence in the banks was the first step that allowed ev en more problems of the Great Depression to be solved. Not only was there successful reform in banking, but there was eventually successful labor reform. After the failure of the NRA to reform labor laws, Congress created the Wagner Act in 1935. This act reasserted the right of labor to organize and bargain through representatives of its own choice. In response to this act, a number of unskilled workers began to organize themselves into unions, such as the Committee for Industrial Organization. After a successful sit-in strike, the CIO was recognized by General Motors as the bargaining agency for its employees. The ability for unions to organize and successfully strike showed the success of this labor reform. Another successful reform under the New Deal was the reform of housing. To create a quick recovery and to increase the standard of living, Roosevelt set up the Federal Housing Administration in 1934. The building industry that was in charge of housing construction was to be stimulated by small loans to householders. The goal was to improve homes and to complete new ones. This New Deal reform was so successful that Congress bolstered the program in 1937 by creating the United States Housing Authority. Although there were some conflicts in completely reaching the goals of the USHA, slums in America shrank for the first time in a century, showing the success of this program. It is true that not every problem of the Great Depression was solved through the New Deal. There were definitely setbacks in the process of reforming and relieving the country, but many of the successful agencies New Deal were able to at least ease many of the problems of the Great Depression. The New Deal, although not completely, provided a step in the right direction for healing the United States.

Judgement :: essays research papers

Judgement People can often be treated and judged in a less than equal manner before people even know the true nature of the person, such as the way that the Finch children think that Boo Radley is some kind of a monster. Or the way people call Atticus Finch is called a nigger-lover. One of my most favorite quotations is that of Martin Luther King Junior. "I have a dream, that one day my children will be judged not by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character." People should make judgements of the person's character, not by their appearance, race, religion, sexuality, and morals. One of the main focuses of the book is the Finch children trying to get Boo Radley next door to come out of his house. To them he is a mean monstrous person. But for some reason they seem to think that tormenting him is the best way to occupy their time. In fact, to the whole town the Radley family are mean people that kept to them selves. "There goes the meanest man ever God blew breath into," said Calpurnia (page 12). This shows how mean people can be just by judging others by their outsides. What gives these people the right to make these kind of conclusions without ever even meeting the person(s). Later in the book the Finch children find presents hidden in a tree next to the Radley place. They can't figure out who would set these nice gifts out for them. Later they find out that is Boo Radley. He is just trying to be nice and other people won't accept his original approach on life. At one point in the book the children decide to go up onto the porch to try and get a peak inside the window. Then they see Mr. Radley inside with a shotgun and they ran away. Jem got her pants ripped off on a fence and returned later to retrieve them and she found them mended and laying over the fence. Another example of how nice the Radley's are is when it was shivering cold outside someone places a blanket over Scout's shoulders. Only later does she realize that the act was performed by the mysterious Boo Radley. I have just given multiple examples straight from the book of how the personalities of the person can be radically different from their appearance. That leads back to my thesis of judging people by their character not their outer shell. One more maddening incident in the book that made me just furious when I

Miller, Kant, and Aristotle on fostering relationship between Great grandpa and his grandson Essay

Making moral decisions can be difficult sometimes and it is not easy to reach a certain conclusion. Philosophical decisions are much more complex and take time to evlaute decisions in life. Rather, the reasoning behind a moral decision is much more intricate, requiring a medley of sources to arrive at a decision. Take, for example, a situation in which a father has to decide whether or not to foster a relationship between his three year old son and his son’s dying great grandfather. Is the son having a relationship with his great grandfather worth risking the pain his son would have to endure due to his great grandfather’s death? Or, would the pain be too scarring and ruin the life of such a young mind? To help resolve his dilemma, the father might turn to the philosophical giants: Mill, Kant, and Aristotle. Mill would agree to foster the relationship. However, to arrive at this decision, certain assumptions were made. Mill would advise to foster the relationship if the great grandfather would live a couple more years. Mill’s basis for moral decision making rests on whether the sum of all pleasures outweighs the sum of all pains. Thus, in order for Mill to agree to foster the relationship, it must be stated that the relationship between the great grandfather and the son is a good healthy relationship and that the death does not cause any permanent or enduring psychological damage on neither the son, nor the father, nor the great grandfather. After all, Mill’s theory demands that one take into account the sum of all the pleasures and all the pains. Also, the son might also gain the power to deal with death with this relationship. Mill would then consider good results from this relationship. Therefore, if everyone receives more pleasure from the relationship between the great grandfather and the son than pain (even after death) then Mill would advise to foster the relationship. Kant, on the other hand, discards the notion of consequences. Kant’s advice in this situation is harder to decipher because his theory is based on internalization and motivation. Kant would agree to foster the relationship if the father’s motivation for the relationship is purely the relationship in itself. In other words, it requires that the father be treating the great grandfather as an end rather than as a means. If the father wants to foster the relationship merely because he feels it might result in a larger endowment for his son, then Kant would no longer advice fostering the relationship. Furthermore, Kant might support fostering a relationship if the father’s decision to not foster a relationship was to avoid the pain of death. The inverse is also true. Kant might advice asking the great grandfather (not the three year old son, for he is too young to reason) whether he would like a relationship with his great grandson. Then, the father would be treating him as an end, not as a means. It is also important to take into consideration whether it is a father’s duty to foster a relationship between a great grandfather and his son. Kant’s advice only holds assuming that both the great grandfather and son are generally good and the relationship that would form between them is also good. In summation, Kant’s theory bases itself on internal motivation. As he himself stated, oftentimes, the layers are too difficult to peel to arrive at the true motivation. Aristotle would advise fostering some relationship with the father (this would be the virtuous mean). Aristotle would argue that not fostering a relationship and fostering too much of a relationship would be two extremes. Aristotle advises that one must find a mean in between the two extremes and that is the right relationship. Moreover, Aristotle believes that morality can be learned through observation. Therefore, a three year old child would have much to gain from the experience of an 84 year-old great grandfather. This relationship might help the son reach his human purpose, or excellence. Once again, Aristotle would only advise any relationship if the relationship is good and both the great grandfather and the son enjoy it. Perhaps a better approach to arriving at a decision requires a combination of both Kant’s and Aristotle’s philosophy. The decision continues to run on the assumption, of course, that both the great grandfather and the son are good people and that a good and healthy relationship would thus form. The decision to foster a relationship must first be decided based on the motivation. In other words, a relationship should only be fostered if the father wants a relationship only because of the relationship and not as a means of achieving a greater good. However, fostering too much of a relationship might force unnecessary pains. Thus, a mean of some relationship should be followed. For example, a relationship of one hour on the weekends might be beneficial. For, once a relationship would form, it would not be strong enough to completely devastate any party involved.

Morality And The Moral Theories - 1137 Words

Meaning of the phrases ï ¿ ½the ends justifies the means’ The phrase ï ¿ ½the ends justifies the means’ is a very popular in many fields and is also used in our day to day living. However, it is more used when talking about morality issues whereby it means that the morality of an action or behavior depends entirely on the result of that action and not the behavior or action itself. This is phrase that can be viewed different by proponent of different moral theories. A consequentialist theorist will agree with this phrase. For example, if one tells a lie to save the other person from grief, the action of telling the eye is viewed as good. Another example is whereby a person kills the other in order to save the others. The two actions though they may be viewed as going against the moral values in the society will be viewed as right because they lead to positive results, meaning that the ends justifies the means. In overall, what it means is that it does not matter the means used to achieve certain goals regardless of how bad or violent they may be. On the other hand, a deontologist would hold the killing as wrong regardless as to whether the results are positive or negative. This means that there are actions or behaviors that are wrong no matter what. For example, like in the above examples, regardless of whether lying saves another person grief or killing a person saves other people lives, those two actions are wrong regardless of their positive results (Waller, 2005). An informedShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Morality And Moral Subjectivism1055 Words   |  5 Pages Morality Since the beginning of time man has questioned and debated how we as humans should conduct ourselves within a society. As time passes more theories are created, and adjusted. The interesting element about morality, as in all philosophical subjects, is that although some theories may seem more logical or correct than others, there is no absolute answer. The most basic theory about morality is moral subjectivism. This theory believes that eachRead MoreMorality Is Objective Moral Theory962 Words   |  4 PagesObservations I accept both observations given. P1: Morality is Objective. I demonstrated in my opening argument that Utilitarianism operates under the premise that morality is objective. This means it is not based on personal preference or belief. I even provided a source to affirm this fact of objectivity. (1) Famous’ first contention is that normative ethics are subjective and thus cannot be used to affirm objectivity. This is entirely untrue. It is worth noting that he provides no source toRead MoreDivine Command Theory : Morality And Moral Obligations1486 Words   |  6 PagesDivine Command Theory is the view that morality is dependent upon God, and that moral obligation depends on God’s commands. Therefore, Divine Command Theory claims that morality is ultimately based on the commands or character of God, and that the morally right action is the one that God command. The specific content of these divine commands varies according to the particular religion and the particular views of the individual divine command theorist, but all versio ns of the theory hold in commonRead MoreThe Divine Command Theory And The Doctrine Dilemma Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesCommand Theory is the idea that morality is ingrained in the nature and command of God, and the Euthyphro Dilemma is one of the most common arguments refuting the Divine Command Theory. The argument was inspired by Plato’s Euthyphro dialogue, which contains the question â€Å"Are morally good acts willed by god because they are morally good? Or are morally good acts, morally good because they are willed by god?† (Euthyphro, 10a). This question raises large problems for the Divine Command Theory as eachRead MoreA Decent Job At Separating Religion From Morality1405 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough some may say religion relates to morals, apparently the philosophers we have covered thus far do not believe such a thing. For religious people, morality may be pushed by religion in their regards to the fear of the consequences god will bring if one disobeys his laws. Although this can be related to consequentialism, it is not the same kind of consequentialism Mills and Bentham use. Morals can be dependent of an individual’s preferences depending on the individual’s motives behind theirRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Divine Command Theory Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesDivine Command Theory â€Å"If God does not exist, then everything is permitted,† in other words, if there turns out to be no God then nothing is morally wrong. Someone who would believe a statement such as this one would most likely be in agreement with the Divine Command Theory---the reason being that the main claim in this theory is, all that is morally right, is right because God commands it so. Therefore in order to believe in the Divine Command Theory, one would need to be a strong believer inRead MoreBecoming a Philosphy Scholar Too!1457 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious philosophers theories about morals and ethics that you will study will seem to come to life through open class discussions on hypothetical scenarios and examples to help you better understand the content, while relating it to realistic situations. Learning about the different philosophers theories on moral judgment allows you to question your own morals while looking at morality through a different lens. The philosophies on morality that truly made me rethink my moral judgment through presentingRead MoreEvolution and Moral Truths Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesrole that absolute moral truths play in proving the earth’s evolutionary history. A huge percent of theists say that the presence of moral truths absolutely do not provide evidence for evolution. From their point of view, morals come directly from God and can not be proven by physical and earthly means such as evolution. This paper will examine the opposing idea, which states that evolution does in fact provide evidence for morality and that moral truths can back up the theory of evolution. InRead MoreThe Basic Principles Of Morality889 Words   |  4 Pages Morality in philosophy pursues to obtain a standardized understanding of the nature and what it expects from us. Philosopher, Socrates defines morality â€Å"how we ought to live† and the motives behind these systematic understandings(Rachels 1). The two basic principles of morality are impartiality and reason. Moral judgments must be supported by legitimate reasons and requires the impartial thought of each individual’s interest. Reason and impartially form the minimum conception of morality. EachRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Divine Command Theory1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe Divine Command Theory dictates that â€Å"An act is morally required just because it is commanded by God, and immoral just because God forbids it (Shafer-Landau 65).† This view is often accepted by religious people as the basis for morality; the morality of an action is determined by whether or not it is commanded by God. However, there are multiple problems presented by this line of think ing. One of the most common arguments against this theory is known as the Euthyphro Dilemma, derived from Plato’s

Judaism and Christianity - 1462 Words

In a tree of monotheistic religions, Judaism and Christianity, despite sharing common roots and spiritual tradition associated with Abraham, for many centuries diverged and developed in their own distinct ways. The partition, based on different theological doctrines, evolves around the idea of the nature of human relationships with God, which in case of Judaism are based on the Law of Torah, and in Christianity stem from the belief in Jesus Christ and its cornerstone – the doctrine of Trinity. Beyond a doubt, the best illustration to the character of religious beliefs in Judaism, is â€Å"The Covenant at Sinai†, which despite being a part of Holy Scriptures in Christianity, draws a clear boundary between two religions. Not only it†¦show more content†¦Such doctrine appears to be in contrast with Hellenistic tradition of syncretism which perceived different local and national gods as manifestations of one deity (Dunn 27). As noted by Dunn, â€Å"the widesp read belief among cultured Hellenists in the Graeco-Roman world that Jews (and subsequently Christians) were atheists – not because they were monotheists as such, but because they were exclusive monotheists, whereas the cultured Hellenists were typically syncretistic monotheists† (Dunn 28). On the other hand, it clearly confronts with the Christian doctrine of Trinity. Among the laws given to Jewish people, a special role is attributed to the one about the Sabbath – â€Å"Remember the sabbath and keep it holy†. Based on the idea of creation of world, the seventh day had to be observed as a constant reminder of the Covenant with the Creator. Futhermore, act of creation of a man in the God’s image, which, however, does not imply biological image, since God has no physical substance, leads to the idea of creative powers given to a human being, and making him, consequently God’s â€Å"partner† in the process of creation. Thus, the next commandment places filial love and relationship with parents as parallel to the relationship with God, and makes a kind of a bridge between the moralShow MoreRelatedChristianity And Judaism : Christianity Vs. Judaism Essay1706 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity vs. Judaism â€Å"If you take away the Jewish contribution to Christianity, there would be no Christianity. Judaism does not need Christianity to explain its existence; Christianity, however, cannot explain its existence without Judaism.† – John Hagee This quote synthesizes that Judaism was a foundation of Christianity. This is the fundamental reason they are the same; however, there are numerous reasons Judaism and Christianity are different. Comparing how these two religions justify theRead MoreJudaism : Christianity And Christianity1085 Words   |  5 PagesJudaism and Christianity are two of the oldest religions known to man, with both developing out of the country if Israel. One of the biggest differences between the two religions is who Christ was, and his purpose in life. However, they share common ground when it comes to their belief in God and his teachings. In fact, Christianity would not exist without Judaism, as it the foundation that Christianity is based on. Judaism is the first and oldest religion, and because of this Judaism has a directRead MoreChristianity, Judaism, And Christianity1084 Words   |  5 Pagesimagine that there was a hell, heaven (paradise to some) or even a purgatory. That all change a few month ago when I learn that some people and some religion might believe what they want to. In this essay I have picked three religion Islam, Judaism, and Christianity to explain what each of them have and to be able to show the similarity and difference among them about the afterlife. Although each religion has its own goal, they however are similar in belief. I have found that these three religion areRead MoreJudaism Vs. Christianity And Judaism1303 Words   |  6 PagesFugate ANT 130, 75Z1 November 10, 1015 Judaism vs. Christianity Christianity and Judaism are two religions that have similarities as well as differences. I plan to explore beliefs, religious ceremonies, and religious authorities in both Christianity and Judaism. Judaism originates from the time of Abraham and God made a covenant with Abraham promising him to make his ancestry a sacred people and provide them with a holy land. Meanwhile, Christianity derives from Jesus Christ with whom theRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, and Islam1538 Words   |  6 PagesJudaism, Christianity and Islam Christianity and Islam are the most influential religions in the world. Judaism has only fourteen million followers across the continents which makes Judaism the 12th largest religion. Although Judaism is not as large as Christianity and Islam, It still has an impact on the world. 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Haiti A Democratic Government - 970 Words

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Analysis Of Ron Mueck Pregnant Woman

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Ron Mueck for Pregnant Woman. Answer: Introduction: Every great piece of art is infused with a specific theme that contributes to its popularity. A piece of art can only become a great piece of art if it has got a universal appeal, and the theme is a key to attribute an artistic creation with an appealing theme. Moreover, it must be noted that a great piece of art should reflect on some specific social aspects and it must contribute to social progress in some way or other. It is in this respect that the artwork, Pregnant Woman, by Ron Mueck deserves special mention. Mueck has not only rendered his artwork with universality but has also depicted how certain feminine aspects (including motherhood, fertility and birth) along with aspects like creation and spirituality, can be incorporated thoroughly in order to transform a piece of art into a vehicle of conveying a social message. Muecks creation is fibreglass replication of a pregnant woman, though larger in size than a normal woman usually is. It stands in the centre of one room of the art gallery and is made of acrylic, fibreglass and silicone (OHagan, 2006). Titled as Pregnant Woman the larger-than-life sculpture looms above the visitors and her face drawn and troubled as if by the sheer weight of impending motherhood (OHagan, 2006). Motherhood is a theme that has been thoroughly ingrained in the artwork of Mueck. About Muecks creation it can be said that, Celebrating motherhood is a perennial function of art, but to come upon such a vivid likeness of a naked and heavily pregnant woman in an art gallery is a confronting experience. Our initial impulse is to avert our eyes, and yet the powerful presence of Ron Muecks Pregnant woman demands our attention (National Gallery of Australia, n.d.). Such is the power of Muecks creation, and such are the acclamations that it has received since its inception and inst allation in an art gallery. The size of the fiberglass sculpture doubles the size of an average woman, and this makes the sculpture seems larger than life. It must be noted that may be Mueck intentionally created a larger-than-life sculpture in order to amplify and emphasize the larger-than-life roles that are played by a mother in the course of giving birth to a child and in the course of bringing up the child. Mueck has, as it seems, made the sculpture bigger than average viewers in order to monumentalize motherhood which surpasses all the petty confinements of all other human relationships. Moreover, being out of scale of reality, the Pregnant Woman has justified the intentions of its creator. It must be noted that Mueck has strived to project the importance of the role of women in the society both as a mother and a source of life and this has to do a lot with some specific sociological and psychological theories. It is also to be noted that by projecting a pregnant woman, who is larger than a real-life woman, Mueck has, as may be assumed, strived to make the viewers understand that difference between the actual role of women in the society and the role that is defined, confined, and projected by the patriarchal societies across the globe. Furthermore, it must be said that the sculpture has its own unique appeal to the viewers. This uniqueness has been conveyed in the article, Ron Mueck: the making of Pregnant woman 2002, in which Kennedy (2004) has conveyed that, Pregnant womanmakes a powerful impact. For men of my vintage, it has been typical to be in attendance at the birth of children. Not so for men of a previous generation. For women who have had children, lost children, had to cope with disability, or trials of pregnancy, so many thoughts can arise. One must take into account that apart from motherhood some other themes have also been incorporated immaculately by Mueck in his creation. In this respect it is noteworthy that, apart from referring to the significance of motherhood, Mueck, in his artwork, has referred specifically to universal themes like fertility, birth, the goddess, to the iconography of the Madonna and Child, and to the wondrous journey which is known as life (National Gallery of Australia, n.d.). Emphasis on such themes has turned the sculpture into a piece of art having social value. Muecks sculpture signifies that the role of a woman in a patriarchal society is not only to serve the purposes assigned to them by the male gender; rather, women are the creators, they are the goddesses giving birth to new life, and hence, their roles and importance surpass that of their male counterparts. Such a projection of the role of women can be equated to the principles conveyed by sociological theories like the theory of f eminism. It is in this respect too, that Muecks work should be considered as an artwork having social significance and value. Apart from having a social value, the artwork of Mueck also does have a value from research perspectives. The application of the fiberglass technology in the field of art has opened new windows of opportunities for many researchers who are interested in exploring the relation of technology with art and artworks. Fiberglass is a wonder in itself as it is uniquely acquired through the application of both art and science. It is noteworthy that, fiberglass is a composite material, meaning that its comprised of two (or more) different materials mixed together. Typically, fiberglass consists of a matrix of glass fiber, saturated with a polymer resin (Fiberglass 101 The Basics, n.d.). The recent surge in the use of fiberglass in the sphere of art and architecture is due to the fact that that fiberglass has good tensile strength and it is also flexible to mold (Fiberglass 101 The Basics, n.d.). And these two specific characteristics have gradually made it a popular means for creating artwo rks, primarily in the form of sculpture (as has been used by Mueck). Moreover, artists like Mueck are in favor of using fiberglass as the medium of creation because of its strength, and due to the fact that fiberglass is a relatively light compound which is resistant to moisture and to several other chemical changes (Fiberglass 101 The Basics, n.d.). It has been observed that the popularity of Muecks work has been largely reliant on the technology that the artist has applied for creating it. One must note that, Muecks process and techniques are a source of fascination, particularly in relation to his meticulous observation of the skins surface: its pores, the follicles of hair, the softness of a mole, the hardness of a nail and the shadows of veins just beneath the skin (National Gallery of Australia, n.d.). All such details have been possible for Mueck to sculpt primarily owing to the technology he has used to give his artwork a unique (yet realistic) shape. This effort on the par t of the artist may trigger interest in many other contemporary artists to explore the opportunities provided by fiberglass technology, and this can lead to the inception of myriads of research studies on the topic. In conclusion, a great piece of art should reflect on some specific social aspects and it must contribute to social progress in some way or other. It is in this respect that the artwork, Pregnant Woman, by Ron Mueck deserves special mention. Mueck has not only rendered his artwork with universality but has also depicted how certain feminine aspects (including motherhood, fertility and birth) along with aspects like creation and spirituality, can be incorporated thoroughly in order to transform a piece of art into a vehicle of conveying a social message. The size of the fiberglass sculpture doubles the size of an average woman, and this makes the sculpture seems larger than life. It must be noted that may be Mueck intentionally created a larger-than-life sculpture in order to amplify and emphasize the larger-than-life roles that are played by a mother in the course of giving birth to a child and in the course of bringing up the child. One must take into account that apart from motherh ood some other themes have also been incorporated immaculately by Mueck in his creation. In this respect it is noteworthy that, apart from referring to the significance of motherhood, Mueck, in his artwork, has referred specifically to some other universal themes including the theme of birth and fertility. Through his artwork, Mueck has projected that women are the creators, they are the goddesses giving birth to new life, and hence, their roles and importance surpass that of their male counterparts. Such a projection of the role of women can be equated to the principles conveyed by sociological theories like the theory of feminism. Finally, by using the technology of fiberglass to shape his artwork, Mueck has opened the door for researchers to show more interest in exploring the relationship between fiberglass technology and artwork. Muecks effort may trigger interest in many other contemporary artists to explore the opportunities provided by fiberglass technology, and this can lea d to the inception of myriads of research studies on the topic. References Fiberglass 101 - The Basics. (n.d.) [online] Available at: https://centralfloridafieros.com/forum/index.php?topic=149.0;wap2 [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. Kennedy, B. (2004). Ron Mueck: the making of Pregnant woman 2002. [online] National Gallery of Australia. Available at: https://nga.gov.au/mueck/director.cfm [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. National Gallery of Australia. (n.d.). Ron Mueck. [online] Available at: https://artsearch.nga.gov.au/Detail.cfm?IRN=122875PICTAUS=TRUE [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. O'Hagan, S. (2006). Ron Mueck: From Muppets to motherhood. [online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2006/aug/06/art2 [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016].

The Innovation of Google Essay Example

The Innovation of Google Essay This essay will introduce the use of three kinds of creativity tools and seven kinds of innovation management in Google, and will compare with module materials and other companies. It will give critical evaluation on the use of one creativity tool and two aspects of innovation management in Google, and two recommendations on how Google can improve its use of creativity tool and innovation management. CREATIVITY TOOLS IN GOOGLE 1. Brainstorming Based on the module materials (Week five), Brainstorming can be used to reduce the barriers for participation, and will be good for creating plenty of new ideas. Google has a loose environment to use brainstorming sharing all information and suggestions for employees (Barron, 2009). It established an ideal system by sending e-mails, all the employees could give their own ideas directly ( Iyer Davenport,2008). For Google, it is significant to collect useful ideas to create new products. In 2005, Google’s scientist Lawrence who led his team to have developed a new search engine for using Brainstorming. Then, the Google Desktop Search appears in 2006 (Stross, 2009). 3M also uses Brainstorming to get ideas ( Iyer Davenport, 2008), which is the famous 15% rule ( Mcleod Winsor 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on The Innovation of Google specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Innovation of Google specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Innovation of Google specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Both Google and 3M encourage employees to use some of their working time to do their favorite things, but Google uses more brainstorming than 3M (Iyer Davenport, 2008); they won’t accept any final decision without sharing and discussing it. (Mcleod Winsor, 2003). 2. Six thinking hats De Bono’s Six Thinking Hats (Week five lecture) requests to look at problems from different angles to find the best solution. Google uses all six hats as the creativity tool (Iyer Davenport, 2008) in different aspects of innovation. Google uses blue hat to think and manage other hats, but Corning Glass seldom uses blue hat. Therefore, Corning Glass cannot make any discussions and group studying continuously (Tidd et. al 2005). When they have to judge information and ideas coming from somewhere, both Google and Corning Glass use black hat to face the problems. (Tidd et al, 2005) Google uses blue hat to make decisions and thinks generally about new product (Iyer Davenport, 2008). While 3M directly expresses their feeling about launching new product by using red hat (Mcleod Winsor 2003). Google prefers to wear white hat in the innovation process because they trust that data drive all decisions (Barron, 2009) , but 3M wears the yellow one when they make decisions and meet the failure (Mcleod Winsor 2003). 3. Fish bone Fish bone is a creativity tool. According to module materials (Week five lecture), fish bone  offers  a  method  for  people listing the reasons of a problem and help people to find out solutions easily. Google  encourages  their staff  to  keep  trying even  after  failure. Through  the analysis of failure,  they  can  find  right  solutions for the difficulties  (Iyer  Ã‚  Davenport  2008). Google still encourage creative products even some of products from Google are failure (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Using the fish bone could help Google find some reasons which lead to failure and then have solutions for it. GOOGLE’S INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 1. Managing human resources Managing human resources is an important part to Google. Because Google thinks people are the most important asset (Barron, 2009) and this rule will attract gifted and excellent employees (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Google prefers to hire smart people because it could make them learn more with each other. Mayer, 02:53, 08/09/09) BBC company’s hiring is quickly, they just watch people’s CV. Compared with BBC, every employee of Google should have 8-15 interviews and communicate with at least 6 interviewers on average. (Barron, 2009) This kind of recruit is more likely to hire better employees 2. Managing knowledge acquisition Google uses a knowledge acquisition management system that everyone could hand in their ideas about new products or company improvement through e-mails (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Google owns information resources themselves with a great number of internet platforms. Google almost doesn’t share information with any commercial organizations (Iyer Davenport, 2008). But it shares application software and services with third-party, which could create new applications through integrating Google’s practical factors (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Google and Corning Glass have some differentiation in ideas management. Barron’s guest lecture (2009) says that Google prefers to use internal force to collect information. Whereas, Corning Glass prefers to use external power to get new ideas (Tidd et al, 2005). Corning Glass prefers to use outside sources frequently and get the ideas from other places (Tidd et. l 2005), eg. the external partners. 3. Managing the organizational culture One of the most important innovation management is organizational culture. There is a† 20% time rule â€Å", which means: staff in Google could spend 80% of time on the core business, and the 20% on their interested aspects (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Numerous great ideas come from this way, such as Google News and Google Gmail (Kiss, 2009). 3M also has a similar principle to Google, that is â€Å"Rule of 15% time†, which means 3M employees can use 15% of their daily job time to think about their own things (Mcleod Winsor, 2003). M and Google regulate different time but for same goals: To encourage their staff for creation. This rule gives staff the right control of their own time to do whatever they like, and make them feel comfortable. In this way, the employees have a good condition to create ideas. The only difference of these 2 rules by Google and 3M is offering time. 4. Managing partnerships A successful company cannot do without the partner’s support. In the case of Google, it likes to share new technology and services with third-parties which could integrate and recreate applications to Google (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Google not only supports the third-party for development, but also ally itself with other companies to improve infrastructure (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Whereas, external partners bring Corning Glass with different information and advanced technology (Tidd et. al 2005). It helps to give up their earlier internal reliance as well (Tidd et al, 2005) . While 3M did not cooperate with any external partner (Iyer Davenport, 2008). 3M uses their own creativity technology to develop in different fields. (Mcleod Winsor , 2003) Procter Gamble believes that information property should be shared by companies on win -win strategy . Managing innovation strategy Google says that it is their mission to collect and arrange the information from the world and to make it useful for users (Iyer Davenport 2008) . They have a clear opinion on getting their innovation goal with different innovation strategies and the advantages from innovation system. This innovation ecosystem produces a lot of circle for them. (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Whereas, Corning Glass makes a wrong decision on moving into the new and important fields, which make them think about how to develop next step( Tidd et al, 2005). Google says â€Å"fast is better than slow†. Innovation is a competition on the speed of time. Corning Glass also has the similar ability to â€Å"dance†, that is, to achieve knowledge together and turn it into practice at once with a high speed when the ideas were expressed clearly (Tidd et al, 2005). It is important for both Google and Corning Glass to reduce the distance from ideas to products on management of innovation. Because of the theory of â€Å"Trials by Fire† about launching for push ideas to products quickly, 3M feel pressed for the strategy of managing innovation. (McLeod Winsor, 2003) . However, Google has more patience on this, their motto is â€Å"Launch and iterate†. (Barron, 2009) 6. Managing innovation costs Google spent billions of dollars not only in infrastructure investment and third-party development support (Iyer Davenport,2008), but also spent a lot on research and development of their own technologies including their own internet-based operating platform. Moreover, Google determines the best solution by developing useful applications (Iyer Davenport, 2008). The main cost of Corning Glass on the RD exists not only on the innovation process, but also on the entrance for some new and key areas (Tidd et. l 2005). Similarly, 3M cost over one billion dollars to invest on their research and development every year (Mcleod Winsor, 2003). The difference is in that 3M does more work on the RD (about 70% of revenue) and launches new products (Mcleod Winsor, 2003). 7. Managing innovation New ideas are created by employees frequently, after being given free time on innovation in Google. (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Google gets lots of critical feedback ideas from customers or their partners about new products and services, in order to reduce failure risk (Iyer Davenport, 2008). Compared with Google, Corning Glass focuses on innovation process and gets new products by entering into different fields in the market (Tidd et al, 2005). Corning Glass prefers to obtain new information from external partners (Tidd et al, 2005) Compared with 3M, Google only has one product, ie. search engine, whereas, 3M produces a wide range of fields from transportation to office supplies. They know what to do, but do not know how to do with new product. Therefore, they do plenty of research work to look for appropriate ideas and methods (Mcleod Winsor, 2003). CRITICALLY EVALUATE 1. Brainstorming is a team work creativity tool, where people could join in freely and freewheeling is welcome. (week five lecture). In Google, they established a loose environment to share information together, and they also have an e-mail system to collect ideas directly from the staff. But it still has shortcomings. It is possible for a group to become a homogeneous team, thus to lead solutions arriving quickly because of the same taste and morale. Their ideas will be not sufficient to improve expertise and creative thinking. And collect ideas from e-mail without a face-to-face meeting will decrease the efficiency. . Barron (2009) says that one of Google’s most important rule is â€Å" hire the best†. Google has very strict system to recruit for the best employees. Obviously, this should spend lots of time and energy for Google, which we think is not necessary. For interviewees, it makes them to spend too much time and money for the preparation, and take a long time to get this job. 3. Referring to Barron’s presentation (2009), Google has a â€Å"20% time, do your own working† rule. This kind of rule gives Google’s staff a part of free time to think their own ideas and make people more creative. Numerous great ideas come from this way, and do make a large number of contributions to Google. However, this rule has shortcoming itself. Because employees might handle their time by themselves, some staff only spend 20% time on their daily job secretly and nobody else will know this (Kiss, 2009). This is not good for the entire company to improve efficiency. RECOMMANDATIONS 1. To overcome the brainstorming’s shortcoming Try to make diverse team members in different ways to work, and meanwhile, arrange some face-to-face time, besides e-mail collecting ideas method. . The recommendation for some staff misappropriate the job time secretly First, to strengthen the supervision on the staff ; Ask them what they did in 80% time and 20% time separately. Secondly, to set a deadline for every task to employees. Thirdly, to increase the staff’s awareness through continuous training on employees. CONCLUSION This essay has made analysis on the creativity tools and various innovati on management methods in Google, and made us understand Google’s successful innovation system and differences through comparison with other creative companies. We can know what we should learn from Google for the innovation philosophy, and meanwhile, we should try to avoid any shortcomings. Anyway, innovation is the way leading to success for all companies. References: 1) Anon, How Google Fuels its Idea Factory, Business Week , 29/04/08, Retrieved 08/09/09 from www. Businessweek. com 2) Barron. , P. (2009) , Presentation in Napier. 3) De Bono, . E. (2006). Six Thingking hats, London: Penguin 4) Iyer,. B,. Davenport,. T. H. , (2008) Harvard Business Review, April 2008, PP59-68. ) Marissa Mayer at Stanford University, 30/06/09, speaking about innovation in Google, You Tube, Retrieved 08/09/09 from www. youtube. com 6) McLeod. , R. Winsor. , B. (2003), Module Material. 7) PG. (2009) Connect Develop 8) Surowiecki. , J. (2008). The Open Secret of Success. The New Yorker. 12th May. 9) Tidd. , T. Bessant, . J. Pavitt, . K. (2005). Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological Market and Organizational Change. Chinchester: Wiley. 10) Week 5 module lecture 11) Week 7 module lecture 12) Week 8 module lecture